Transcript Take Care - National Angus Conference & Tour

“Take Care”
To:
Process and Protect Them Properly
Philip W. Widel DVM
Technical Services Veterinarian
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.
Process and Protect
• Our goals should be to process in a
manner to minimize tissue (carcass)
damage while providing maximum
protection from the products we use
To Understand Protection Is to
Understand Immunity to
Disease
• Immunity
– Ability to protect against specific diseases by
producing antibodies and cellular immunity
against those disease organisms
Protective Level
• A relative term.
• The level of immunity to protect will
depend upon the severity of the
challenge.
How Immunization Occurs
• By natural exposure - disease
occurrence
• By vaccination with biological product
• By transfer of passive immunity in
colostrum or antiserum (temporary)
Objectives of Vaccination
• Individual protection, herd immunity and
bio-security
• Reduce reproductive losses
• Improve performance
• Program participation - requirements to
increase value and marketability
KEY DEFINITIONS
• Vaccination
– application of a vaccine
• Immunization
–the process of making immune
The Healthy Herd (Animal)
Resistance
Levels
Challenge
Time
Effect of Increased Challenge
Resistance
Levels
Disease Symptoms
Challenge
Time
Effect of Declining Immunity
Resistance
Challenge
Levels
Disease Symptoms
Time
Goal of Vaccination Program
Resistance
Increased Resistance Through
Proper Vaccination and Booster
Levels
Challenge
Time
Importance of Proper Timing
Resistance
Levels
Challenge
Time
Further Considerations
• Ability of Animal to
Properly Respond to
Vaccination:
– Age and Maternal
Interference
– Response Levels
– Stress
– Nutrition
– Parasitism
• Vaccine
considerations:
– Modified Live
– Killed
– Proper Booster
Vaccinations
– Storage, Preparation
and Administration
Additive Stress
Immunity
Wean
Transport
Challenge
Process
Diet
Change
Weather
Vaccine Considerations
• Modified Live Viral Products
• Killed Viral Products
• Proper Boostering of Vaccinations
Types of Vaccines Used
• Killed or inactivated
– Includes killed or inactivated viruses,
bacterins, and toxoids
Killed Virus Vaccine Advantages
• Safe in pregnant animals
• Labeled for use in calves nursing pregnant
cows
• Handling considerations
– No mixing
– Stable
Killed Virus Vaccine
Disadvantages
• Require an adjuvant
• Injection site reactions
• Less cell mediated immunity (cytototoxic T
cells)
• Slower immune system response
• Require multiple doses
– 1st dose = primes/sensitizes
– 2nd dose = immunizes
• Hypersensitivity risk
Immune Response Following
Vaccination (KV)
Protective Level
Initial
Vaccination
Time
Stimulation of Immunity with a
Killed Product
Protective Level
Initial
Vaccination
Booster
Time
Immune Response Following
Vaccination
Protective Level
Dose Administered
Months Later
Initial
Vaccination
Time
The Need for Boosters
• Most bacterins and clostridials also need
to be properly boostered.
• Adjuvants can make a difference in the
need to booster.
MLV Vaccine Advantages
• Rapid, longer-lasting protection
• Stimulate antibody and cell mediated
immunity
• Stimulate interferon production
• Stimulate immune response more similar to
natural infection
• Less expensive
• Less irritation - no adjuvant - smaller dose
MLV vaccines
• One dose starts initial immune system
stimulation. Organism continues to grow
(replicate) so that stimulation of the
immune system is continued until a level
of immunity is created that can overwhelm
and destroy the organism.
MLV Vaccine Disadvantages
• Immunosuppression (stress) -- BVD
primarily
• Handling considerations
– UV light, temperature, mixing, storage
• May revert to virulent state (rare!!!!)
• Label precautions with pregnancy
Storage, Preparation and
Administration
• Follow label instructions.
• Avoid heat, freezing temperatures and
sunlight.
• Avoid disinfectants with MLV products.
• Administer SQ or IM as labeled and in
accordance with BQA principles.
Successful Immunization
Requires
• Health susceptible animal
• Proper administration
• Safe, viable and potent vaccine
When Should We
Vaccinate?
Not
•
•
•
•
Whenever we can catch the cows
After we finish harvest
The next rainy day
When the kids and the neighbors are
available to help
CONSIDER AN ADULT COW CYCLE
60 DAY BREEDING SEASON
Preg
Check
Where Do We
Vaccinate?
NCBA recommends that all
injections whether
subcutaneous or
intramuscular be made in front
of the shoulder.
Calf was slaughtered over a year after being
vaccinated intramuscularly at branding time.
Study run by Colorado State University.
Injection - Site
Subcutaneous
“Knots”
Subcutaneous Vaccine
Reaction –”knot”
Subcutaneous Injection “Knots”
Should Not Be A Pricing Issue
• Are not a defect to the hide, carcass, or other
salable product
• Are of no concern to the health and quality of the
animal
• Indicates that the animal has been vaccinated,
(a practice to be encouraged) and that the
vaccination response has not been impeded
• And, SHOULD NOT be a point for pricing
discount of the cattle
Subcutaneous Injection “Knots”
Should Not Be A Pricing Issue
The NCBA Beef Quality Assurance Task
Force encourages all individuals buying
feeder and/or finished cattle to make
every effort to see that any such surface
vaccine blemishes (knots) are NOT
noted as a value discounting issue.
Subcutaneous
Vaccine Reaction
“Not an Abscess”
Same bull, 10 months
later/ Swelling is gone
Feedlot steer with vaccine “knot”
Subcutanous vaccine “knots”
come off when the hide is pulled
The “Not My Problem”
Syndrome Will Not Fix
the Injection-Site
Lesion Problem
Every Cattleman, Veterinarian and
Drug/ Vaccine Manufacturer
Has a Responsibility
Questions????
ABCD