Transcript vaccination
vaccination By; Dr.fatma alzahrani Jan.2009 Vaccination Objectives Definitions Type of immunization. Contraindication. Discussion of individual vaccines preparation. admnistration. precaution&contraindication side effects Vaccination Definitions vaccination :is active immunization. Vaccine: antigenic harmless substance that induce specific immunity to specific disease. Vaccination Vaccination schedule: arecomended seires of vaccination that include time of all doses. Monovalent one organism Polyvalent more than one organisms vaccination vaccine BIRTH 2mo BCG HBV OPV DTP HIB MMR 4mo 6mo 12m 18mo Vaccination General contraindications: -moderate or sever illness with or without fever. -anaphylactic reaction to vaccine or its constitute. -live attenuated vaccines -pregnant women -immunocompromised children -withen 3months of IVIG Vaccination Types of vaccines There are four basic types of vaccine in use today 1-Killed vaccines: These are preparations of the normal (wild type) infectious, pathogenic virus or bacteria that has been rendered non-pathogenic, usually by chemical treatment such as with formalin that cross-links viral .proteins 2-Attenuated vaccines: These are live virus or bacteria particles that grow in the vaccine recipient but do not cause disease because the vaccine virus ,bacteria has been altered (mutated) to a non-pathogenic form; for example, its tropism has been altered so that it no longer grows at a site .that can cause disease 3-Sub-unit vaccines: These are purified components of the virus, such as a surface antigen .4.Toxoid :These are inactivated toxic compound Vaccination Newly developed vaccine: 1- Conjugate: certain bacteria have outer polysaccharide capsul that is poorly immunogenic,linking this to aprotein will increase the antigenicity. 2-Recombinant vector: by combining the physiology of one .microorganism to DNA of other one. Vaccination Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG): Live attenuated bacterium.,S.C,0.5ml Indications: All newborn. All tuberculin negative infants. Precaution &contraindications: Pregnency. Immunodefeciency state. Side effects Local -skin ulceration,regional lymphadenitis. systemic(rare) osteomylitis. Generalized Anaphylaxis,generalized BCG infection. Vaccination Hepatitis B: Recombenent 0.5ml,IM Side Effects: Pain Arthralgia Vaccination Diphtheria,Tetanus(toxoid)&Pertussis(killed): Less than 7years DT,DTaP More than 7years Td 0.5ml IM. Precaution&contraindication(pertussis) Sever reaction -Temp>40.5ºC Persistent inconsolable crying>3hours. Collapse episode. Convulsion or encephalopathy. Progressive neurological disorders Vaccination polimylitis vaccine Live attenuated(sabin)(OPV) 2drops orally. Killed (salk)(IPV) SC injection. Precaution&Contraindication: OPV pregnency &immunodef. IPV neomycin hypersensetivity Side effect paralytic disease (OPV) Vaccination Haemophilus Influenza Tybe B: 2months or older -(HbOC),(PRP-OMP),(PRP-T) 12months or older PRP-D 0.5ml IM Indication -Compulsory&for high riskchildren Side Effects: -local pain mild fever Vaccination Mesles,Mumps&Rubella (MMR): Measles MMR 0.5ml SC. Precaution&Contraindication: Pregnency Egg anaphylaxis. Immunodef.OR IVIG withen 3months. Side effects: -fever,rash(7days post vaccine) artheralgia,artheritis(Rubella) encephalitis (measeles&mumps) suppression of ppd skin test Vaccination Pneumococcal vaccine: Capsular polysaccharide of 23 serotypes of strept.pnumoniae 0.5ml IM/SC(pneumovax) >23months PCV (7valent)- <23months Indication: -anatomical OR functional asplenia. -Sickle Cell Disease. -Nephrotic Syndrome. -Immunsuppression. Side Effects: Soreness,erythema,fever. anaphylactic reaction. Vaccination Menigococcal Polysaccharide vaccine: Monovalent(AorC) Bivalent (A&C) guadrivalent(A,C,Y&W-135) 0.5ml SC Indication: outbreak Complement defeciency&asplenia. Side Effects : transient fever,local erythema Vaccination Varicella Zoster: Varivax vaccine 0.5ml IM 12month+ -----single dose 13years +-------2doses. Indications: All children 12-18 months. 19months-18years (no H/O varicella) Precaution&Contraindication: immunodefeciency, withen5months of IVIG long term salicylate treatment. Side effects: Fever,rash&zoster.