Transcript An introduction to tourism and its impacts

AN INTRODUCTION TO
TOURISM AND ITS IMPACTS
DEFINING TOURISM
• … the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their
usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,
business, and other purposes. (WTO 1993, UNSTAT 1994)
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Mass tourism took place immediately following the years of World War II as a
result of:
1. Rising standards of living
2. Increased leisure time
3. Development in transportation
TOURISM TODAY
Today Tourism is the World’s biggest industry. It is a major contributor to global
economic development, creating employment, and generating wealth.
Reasons for the increase in tourism include:
• More leisure time
• Longer paid holidays
• Greater affluence (people have become wealthier over time)
• Improvement in transport
• More advertising
• Better amenities in tourist areas (comfort, convenience and pleasure)
PURPOSES (DIFFERENT TYPES) FOR
TOURISM
Leisure Tourism
• Holidays
• Places of natural beauty/mountains
• Coasts
• Sports
• Religious
• Education
• Cultural/Historical
• Cruises
• Eco-tourism
• Safari
MORE PURPOSES FOR TOURISM
Visiting friends and relatives
Business Tourism
• Conferences and Training Events
• Business meetings
• Exhibitions
• Trade Fairs
IMPACTS OF TOURISM
Economic
Environmental
Socio-cultural
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Positive impacts
• Wealth generation
• Employment opportunities
Negative impacts
• The loss of labour from traditional,
primary industries
• Price rises in destination areas
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Positive impacts
• Conservation of natural and built
resources (national parks and built
monuments)
• Improvement of general
environment of a destination
(upgrading street lighting, public
seating and litter bins)
Negative impacts
• Water supply – water pollution
• Physical erosion (wearing away of
natural features, destruction of
archaeological sites and historic
monuments)
• Loss of wildlife habitats
• Waste disposal (littering)
• Air pollution
• Noise pollution
SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS
Positive
• Meeting new people and learning about different cultures
• Contribution to conservation of an area’s cultural heritage
• Enhanced program of cultural and social events
• Formation of more sports and leisure facilities
• Instilling a sense of pride in local residents
SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS
Negative
• Overcrowding (traffic jams)
• Distortion of local customs
• Loss of native language
• Loss of traditional crafts and industries (fishing or agriculture)
• Rise in social problems (tourists may behave badly, presence of tourists may
tempt local people into increased criminal activity including fraud,
prostitution, theft and drug abuse.)
POSITIVE EFFECTS OF TOURISM IN
MALTA
• Greater affluence
• Greater employment
• Social interaction
• Rehabilitation of historical and
tourist areas
• Development in infrastructure
NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND
SOCIAL EFFECTS OF TOURISM IN
MALTA
• Conflict regarding land use
• Overcrowding
• Traffic congestion
• Pressure on infrastructure
• Loss of natural environments
• Pollution (air and noise)
• Increase in waste
• Loss of traditional way of life