Transcript bed and breakfast room sum

Unit 4 Careers in Tourism and Hospitality
Skills focus
Reading
• identifying topic development within
a paragraph
• using the Internet effectively
• evaluating Internet search results
Writing
• reporting research findings
Vocabulary focus
• computer jargon
• abbreviations and acronyms
• job titles
• discourse and stance markers
• verb and noun suffixes
4.1 Vocabulary
4.2 Reading
4.3 Extending
skills
4.4 Extending
skills
4.1 Vocabulary
A Study the words in box a.
1 Which words or phrases relate to computers and
the Internet? Which relate to books and libraries?
Find two groups of words.
2 Find pairs of words and phrases with similar
meanings, one from each group.
3 Check your ideas with the Research words box on
the opposite page.
4.1 Vocabulary
Model answers:
A Study the words in box a.
Common word or
phrase for printed
information
Research word or phrase
books
electronic resources
index
search engine results
cross-conference
hyperlink
catalogue
database
library
World Wide Web
table of contents
menu
look up
browse/search
page
web page
open
log in/log on
close
exit/log off
4.1 Vocabulary
B Complete the instructions for using the Learning
Resource Centre with words or phrases from box a.
4.1 Vocabulary
B Complete the instructions for using the Learning
Resource Centre with words or phrases from box a.
Learning Resource Centre
Instructions for use:
You need to find out about careers in tourism, hospitality and leisure. If you want
log in to the
to access web pages on the World Wide Web
, you must first ________
university Intranet with your username and password. You can use
any search engine , but the default is Google. Browse/Search
__________________ for web pages by
typing one or more keywords in the search box and clicking on Search or pressing
hyperlink
Enter. When the results appear, click on a
(highlighted in blue) to go
to the web page. Click on Back to return to the results listing. You can also use the
university
of database
learning resources. Click on Careers in Tourism on the
menu
main
.
4.1 Vocabulary
C Study the abbreviations in box b and box c.
1 What do the abbreviations in box b
refer to?
They are all to do with jobs/job titles.
2 What do the abbreviation in box c
refer to?
They are all to do with tourism – mostly with holidays.
4.1 Vocabulary
C Study the abbreviations in box b and box c.
3 What does each abbreviation mean?
4 Read Career update and Tourism Abbreviations
on the opposite page. Check your ideas.
5 How do you say each of the abbreviations?
4.1 Vocabulary
C Study the abbreviations in box b and box c.
Answers to Q1
CEO
chief executive officer
CFO
chief financial officer
COO
chief operations officer
DOO
director of operations
GM
general manager
HRD
human resources director
MD
managing director
4.1 Vocabulary
C Study the abbreviations in box b and box c.
Answers to Q2
AIT
air inclusive tour
APD
air passenger duty
ARR
average room rate
B&B
bed and breakfast
BABA
book-a-bed-ahead
F&B
food and beverage
4.1 Vocabulary
C Study the abbreviations in box b and box c.
Answers to Q2
(F)IT
(fully) inclusive tour
QA
quality assurance
T&T
tourism and travel
TIC/P
tourism information centre/point
VAT
value added tax
4.1 Vocabulary
D Study the acronyms in box d.
1 What do all these acronyms refer to?
They are all associations connected
with tourism.
2 What does each acronym mean?
3 Check the meanings on the Internet.
4 How do you say each of the acronyms?
See Vocabulary bank
4.1 Vocabulary
D Study the acronyms in box d.
Answers to Q2 & Q4
ACE
Association for Conferences and Events
/eis/
ANTOR Association of National Tourist Office
Representatives
/'æntɔ: (r)/
BATO
British Association of Tourism Officers
/'bætəu/
ETOUR
European Tourism Research Institute
/'i:tuə/
NAITA
National Association of Independent
Travel Agents
Vision for Industry in Sustainable
Tourism Action
/'naitə/
VISTA
/'vistə/
Vocabulary bank
Understanding abbreviations and acronyms
An abbreviation is a shorter version of something. For example, PC /pi:si:/
is an abbreviation for personal computer.
An acronym is similar to an abbreviation, but it is pronounced as a word.
For example, ALVA/'ælvə/ is the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions.
We normally write an abbreviation or acronym with capital letters,
although the full words have lower case letters.
Vocabulary bank
Understanding abbreviations and acronyms
We pronounce the vowel letters
We normally pronounce the vowel
in abbreviations in this way:
letters in acronyms in this way:
A
/ei/
A
/æ/
E
/i:/
E
/e/
I
/ai/
I
/ i/
O
/əu/
O
/ɒ/
U
/ju:/
U
/ʌ/
4.1 Vocabulary
E Study the nouns in box e.
1 Make a verb from each noun.
2 Make another noun from the verb.
Noun 1
Verb
Noun 2
class
classify
classification
computer
computerize
computerization
digit
digitize
digitization
identity
identify
identification
machine
mechanize
mechanization
See Vocabulary bank
Vocabulary bank
Common suffixes
Suffixes for verbs
There are some common verb suffixes.
Examples:
~ize
computerize
~ify
identify
~ate
accommodate
When you learn a new noun or adjective, find out how you can make it
into a verb.
Vocabulary bank
Common suffixes
Suffixes for nouns
There are many suffixes for nouns. But verbs ending in ~ize, ~ify
and ~ate form nouns with ~ation.
Examples:
Verb
Noun
~ize
~ization
computerization
~ify
~ification
identification
~ate
~ation
accommodation
4.2 Reading
A Discuss these questions.
1 What careers do you associate with the tourism, hospitality and leisure industry?
There is a wide range of possible careers. Some were mentioned in Lesson 1 but
encourage students to extend the list with as many job names as they can think of.
Categorize them on the board into Tourism/travel, Hospitality and Leisure.
2 There are more jobs in this industry now than twenty years ago. What development
in society has caused this?
Travel has become possible for a much larger number of people now, compared
with 20 years ago. More people have more spare time, and earn more money to
spend on travel. Technology allows easy access to travel arrangements and shorter
travel and return times.
3 How can you succeed in this industry?
Open-ended
4.2 Reading
B Look at the title of the text on the opposite page.
1 What exactly does it mean?
Careering means moving fast and sometimes erratically; uphill refers to the
concept of the career ladder. Uphill is also associated with a struggle – it was an
uphill task. The title refers to the fact that it is possible in the sector to develop a
career quickly and achieve many things, but you have to work hard.
2 What would you like to know about this topic? Make a list of questions.
Possible questions:
What types of jobs are there?
How can I qualify for jobs?
Where can I find information?
How big is the employment market?
What kind of person do I need to be?
4.2 Reading
C One Student wrote down ideas about careers before
reading the text on the opposite page.
1 Write A (I agree), D (I disagree) or ?
(I’m not sure) next to the ideas on the
right.
2 Add any other ideas you have.
4.2 Reading
D Read all the topic sentences.
1 What is the structure of this text? Choose Structure A or B.
Text structure A.
Structure A
Structure B
4.2 Reading
D Read all the topic sentences.
2 What do you expect to find in each paragraph?
Predicted Content
Para 1
What people think the industry is like
Para 2
What types of jobs there are, how jobs differ
from those in other sectors
Para 3
What kind of person you need to be in order
to succeed in the industry
Para 4
What you need to do to start a career in the
industry
4.2 Reading
E Read the text and check your predictions.
Teaching tips:
Set the reading. Students should make notes on the differences
between their predictions and the text.
4.2 Reading
F Discuss these questions.
1 People perceive the industry in a certain way. What is the effect of that perception?
The effect of the perception is that people think the tourism market is one packed
with fun or glamorous jobs like chefs or fitness instructors. The reality is different
and there are many ‘ordinary’ jobs as well as jobs that you would at first perhaps
not associate with the industry, such as marketing agents, event planners, museum
curators, accountants, etc.
2 What characteristics does employment in this industry generally have?
It is mobile; skills are transferable; it is worldwide; it allows quick career
development; it allows for flexibility in working hours; there are many benefits
(like discounts, etc.).
3 Which ways into a career are described in the article?
Ways: get a job (and take an in-company training course or part-time course)
do an apprenticeship/traineeship
do a college course
4.2 Reading
G Topics sometimes develop inside a paragraph.
1 Does the topic develop in each paragraph of the text? If so, underline
the word or words which introduce the change.
2 What is the effect of the word or words on the development of the
topic?
See Skills bank.
4.2 Reading
G Topics sometimes develop inside a paragraph.
Model answers:
Discourse
marker
Para 1
But
In the same way
Stance marker
Effect
Obviously
to draw a conclusion ( and encourage the
reader to agree)
Needless to say
to inform the reader that the writer knows
the reader is aware of these jobs as part of
tourism
to show contrast (yes, these careers of these
are part of the industry but there are more)
to compare with what went before (tourism
isn’t just about travel agents, hospitality is
not just about hotels )
4.2 Reading
G Topics sometimes develop inside a paragraph.
Model answers:
Discourse
marker
Para 2
Stance marker
Effect
For one thing
to introduce a description and sum up
Also
to introduce a description and sum up
Fortunately
Moreover
to highlight a positive aspect: not only do the
skills transfer to other jobs, they apply
worldwide
to introduce an additional point
4.2 Reading
G Topics sometimes develop inside a paragraph.
Model answers:
Discourse
marker
Para 3
Stance marker
Effect
Certainly
to acknowledge that there is a strong appeal,
implicitly introducing a contrast (which is
touched upon in the next sentence)
But
to indicate contrast/disagreement
This means
to explain what ‘an environment focused on
the customer’ actually means
It goes without to indicate that the writer believes this is
saying
obvious
4.2 Reading
G Topics sometimes develop inside a paragraph.
Model answers:
Discourse
marker
Para 4
Stance marker
Effect
Not surprisingly to refer back, and show that the writer is
not surprised
So
to indicate that the writer is about to ask a
question or make a statement
Alternatively
to introduce further
development of ideas
however
to express contrast (indicating that
qualifications are not all that counts:
personality is equally important)
explanation
and
Skills bank
Developing ideas in a paragraph
• Introducing the topic
• Developing the topic
Skills bank
Developing ideas in a paragraph
Introducing the topic
In a text, a new paragraph signals the start of a new topic. The topic is
given in the topic sentence, which is at or near the beginning of the
paragraph. The topic sentence gives the topic, and also makes a comment
about the topic.
Skills bank
Developing ideas in a paragraph
Example:
Tourism-related employment is different from many other employment
sectors.
Here tourism-related employment is the topic. The comment is that it is
different from many other employment sectors.
The sentences that follow then expand or explain the topic sentence.
Example:
For one thing, tourism is a highly mobile industry.
Skills bank
Developing ideas in a paragraph
Developing the topic
A paragraph is normally about the same basic topic (the “unity”
principle). However, often the ideas develop beyond the comment in the
topic sentence.
Example:
Moreover, … a large number of people … work on a part-time basis.
This sentence introduces a development extending employment in the
tourism industry from full-time to part-time. Topic developments may be
contrasts, comments, additional information, etc.
Skills bank
Developing ideas in a paragraph
Developing the topic
Development is often shown by:
• a discourse marker: but, however, etc.
• a stance marker: unfortunately, sadly, needless to say, etc.
Discourse markers generally make a connection between the previous
information and what comes next. They mainly introduce contrasts or
additional information.
Stance markers show the attitude of the writer to the information, i.e.,
whether he/she is surprised, pleased, unhappy, etc., about the
information.
Skills bank
Recording and reporting findings
When you do research, record information about the source. Refer to the
source when you report your findings.
Examples:
As Drucker suggests in his 2001 article in the Economist, …
According to Kotler, Bowen and Makens in their book Marketing for Hospitality
and Tourism (2006), …
Morrison (2002) states that …
As the writer of the article on The Guardian Unlimited (March 4, 2008) says, …
You should give the full information about the source in your reference list or
bibliography. For more information about this, see Unit 10 Skills bank.
4.3 Extending skills
A Discuss these questions.
1 You want to find out about careers in tourism, hospitality and leisure. Where
would you look for the information? Why?
Research can either be done online or in libraries, etc. Recruitment websites have
actual information about positions. Academic journals are useful for the latest
trends and HR developments. Tourism, hospitality or leisure journals are very
useful, as recent articles give the latest information. The Internet is good if the
correct keywords are used and a careful selection of results is made.
Textbooks are useful if up-to-date, but books take time to publish, so even the
latest may be out of date in these fast-moving times.
4.3 Extending skills
A Discuss these questions.
2 What keywords would you use to make this search? Why?
In this list of possible keywords, the bold ones are obvious starting points;
others are also possible.
careers
employment
training
very specific
to the task
this year
(the year’s date)
the time factor
recruitment
development
journal
journals give
the latest
information
tourism
hospitality
leisure
travel
specific to the area
4.3 Extending skills
B Your search produces 50 results. How
√
√
can you select the most useful ones
?
without reading all of them? Look at the
?
list of criteria on the right and put a tick
or “?”.
√
√
√
√
?
?
√
√
4.3 Extending skills
C You have some more research tasks (below).
Choose up to four keywords or phrases for
each search.
1 Which country employs most people in the tourism industry?
2 How many people are employed in the UK hospitality industry?
3 What human resource careers are there in the tourism sector?
4.3 Extending skills
D Go to a computer and try out your chosen keywords.
Answers:
1 employment tourism country statistics will generate a few useful links to reports
with either worldwide or country, or even region, specific data. Leaving out the
word statistics leads to more generalist and regional results. Including WTTC or
World Travel and Tourism Council will lead to this organization’s website, which
contains a lot of statistical data.
2 Typing UK hospitality employment statistics leads to many useful sites. Leaving out
statistics will lead to many recruitment agency sites that give useful information
about types of jobs and employment in the industry.
3 HR tourism career management leads both to recruitment sites and to many
educational sites (universities and colleges selling their programmes). Adding the
word journal to these search criteria leads to many academic publications on HR
and career development in the tourism sector.
4.4 Extending skills
A What information is contained in the results
listings of a search engine?
1 Make a list
2 Check with the results listings on the opposite page.
number of results
keywords used
time taken
title of document
type of document
quotations from the text with keywords highlighted
date
web address/URL
4.4 Extending skills
B Scan the results listings. Answer these questions.
1 What keywords were entered?
hospitality leisure tourism recruitment employment journal
2 Why was journal used as a keyword?
Because journals give the most current/academic information.
4.4 Extending skills
C Answer these questions.
1 Which results contain abbreviations or acronyms?
Acronyms/Abbreviations:
Result 1: FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Results 2, 5, 9: JoHLSTE ( Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism
Education)
Result 4: REC (Recruitment and Employment Confederation)
Result 7: HLSTN (Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Network)
Result 9: ILAM (Institute of Leisure and Amenity Management)
2 Where is each website address?
At the end.
3 Where is the size of each document?
At the end (if it is given), e.g., 22k.
4.4 Extending skills
C Answer these questions.
4 Are there any PDF documents?
No.
5 Do any results give dates?
Result 7.
6 Which result has all the keywords?
Result 3.
7 Which results refer to journals?
Results 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10.
4.4 Extending skills
C Answer these questions.
8 Which results come from educational sites?
Results 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10.
9 Which results come from commercial sites?
Results 4, 5, 9.
10 What does similar pages mean?
There were other very similar results, so the search engine ignored them. They
are available if you click on the words.
4.4 Extending skills
C Answer these questions.
11 What does cached mean?
It is a more efficient way of storing information. It means that you can go to a
copy of the page stored by Google, in case the actual website happens to be
down at the time of the search; of course, it could be a little out of date.
4.4 Extending skills
D Continue your research on careers in the tourism, hospitality and
leisure industry now by entering the keywords into a search engine
and accessing three of the results. Compare your findings with other
students.
E Choose the most interesting result. Write a paragraph about the
information you discovered. Develop the topic within the paragraph
with discourse markers and stance markers.
Tips for Reference
4.1 Vocabulary部分，教师结合A项练习，先引导学生讨论有关computer和
library的常用词，再进一步讨论computer和library的异同点和优缺点；完
成B项练习后，结合Vocabulary bank讲解的技能，完成练习C、D；E项练
习可由学生课后完成。
4.2 Reading部分，先请学生结合自己的理解讨论A项练习；然后引导学生
通过文章标题预测课文大意（B项练习）；随后依次完成C-G项练习，最
后 结 合 Skills bank 内 容 讲 解 “ Developing ideas in a paragraph ” 和
“Recording and reporting findings”。
4.3 Extending skills部分，建议采用小组讨论和实际操作相结合的形式，
重点训练学生如何有效运用电脑查找信息与资料。
4.4 Extending skills部分，建议与学生实践操作的结果相结合，完成A-E项
练习。
谢谢欣赏！