Transcript NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST)

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NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST):
recent work on ammonia and methane emissions
relevant to CenSARA
Daniel J. Jacob, Harvard University
AQAST Leader
with Fabien Paulot, Kevin Wecht, Alex Turner, Lei Zhu
www.aqast.org
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satellites
suborbital platforms
AQAST
models
AQAST
Pollution monitoring
Exposure assessment
AQ forecasting
Source attribution
Quantifying emissions
External influences
AQ processes
Climate interactions
AQAST members
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• Daniel Jacob (leader), Loretta Mickley (Harvard)
• Tracey Holloway (deputy leader), Steve Ackerman (U.
Wisconsin); Bart Sponseller (Wisconsin DNR)
• Greg Carmichael (U. Iowa)
• Dan Cohan (Rice U.)
• Russ Dickerson (U. Maryland)
• Bryan Duncan, Yasuko Yoshida, Melanie Follette-Cook
(NASA/GSFC); Jennifer Olson (NASA/LaRC)
• David Edwards (NCAR)
• Arlene Fiore (Columbia Univ.); Meiyun Lin (Princeton)
• Jack Fishman, Ben de Foy (Saint Louis U.)
• Daven Henze, Jana Milford (U. Colorado)
• Edward Hyer, Jeff Reid, Doug Westphal, Kim Richardson (NRL)
• Pius Lee, Tianfeng Chai (NOAA/NESDIS)
• Yang Liu, Matthew Strickland (Emory U.), Bin Yu (UC Berkeley)
• Richard McNider, Arastoo Biazar (U. Alabama – Huntsville)
• Brad Pierce (NOAA/NESDIS)
• Ted Russell, Yongtao Hu, Talat Odman (Georgia Tech); Lorraine
Remer (NASA/GSFC)
• David Streets (Argonne)
• Jim Szykman (EPA/ORD/NERL)
• Anne Thompson, William Ryan, Suellen Haupt (Penn State U.)
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On AQAST website (google AQAST),
click on “members” for list of 19
members and areas of expertise
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What makes AQAST unique?
All AQAST projects connect Earth Science and air quality management:
 Involve active partnerships with air quality managers, have deliverable
outcomes
Expand relationships through meetings, online tools, newsletters
AQAST has flexibility in how it allocates its resources
 Members adjust work plans to meet evolving air quality needs
 Multi-member “Tiger Teams” are organized each year to address newly
emerging, pressing problems requiring coordinated activity
 AQAST is self-organizing and can respond quickly to demands
Quick, collaborative, flexible,
responsive to the needs of the AQ
community
www.aqast.org
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AQ agency
• Local: RAQC, BAAQD
• State: TCEQ, MDE,
Wisconsin DNR, CARB,
Iowa DNR, GAEPD, GFC
• Regional: LADCO, EPA
Region 8
• National: EPA, NOAA,
NPS
Scope of current AQAST projects
Theme
Satellites: MODIS, MISR, MOPITT, AIRS, OMI, TES, GOES, GOME-2
Suborbital: ARCTAS, DISCOVER-AQ, ozonesondes, PANDORA
Models: MOZART, CAM, AM-3, GEOS-Chem, RAQMS, STEM, GISS, CMIP
Earth Science resource
Semiannual AQAST meetings
Boulder (May 11), RTP (Nov 11), Wisconsin (Jun 12), CARB (Dec 12), Maryland (Jun 13);
AUSTIN JANUARY 15-17 2014!
• Share knowledge and experience in using Earth Science data and tools
for serving AQ management
• Educate AQ managers in the use of Earth Science data and tools,
educate Earth scientists on AQ needs
• Hear about pressing AQ management issues, and determine how
AQAST can help
We hope to see you in Austin!
http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/aqast/meetings/2014_jan
Local host: Dan Cohan (Rice University)
AQAST meeting at U. Maryland (June 9-11, 2013)
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AQAST communications
and outreach
NO2 trends lenticular
ARSET/AQAST at CMAS
• Twice-yearly AQAST meetings
• AQAST workshops and training sessions
• AQAST representation at AQ meetings
• Ozone garden network
• Website, quarterly newsletter (click here to subscribe)
• Media center, Twitter
St. Louis ozone garden
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Optimizing NH3 emissions in US (and globally)
by adjoint inversion of 2005-2008 NH4+ wet deposition flux data
NADP data (circles) and GEOS-Chem model after adjoint inversion
April:
fertilizer
July:
livestock
kgN ha-1 month-1
GEOS-Chem adjoint
Chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem)
NH3 emission
NH3(g)/NH4+
dry
agriculture, other sources
wet
Paulot et al. [submitted]
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Optimized ammonia emissions …
and new MASAGE bottom-up ammonia emission inventory
US
EU
E Asia x 0.5
2.8
3.1
8.4 (China)
2.7
2.9
8.4
other anthro
natural
crops
livestock
Paulot et al. [submitted]
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Seasonality of ammonia emissions in different regions
Paulot et al. [submitted]
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Zoom over CenSARA region (annual ammonia emissions)
Optimized inventory from the inversion has 200 km monthly resolution;
MASAGE inventory has 50 km resolution
Detailed MASAGE emissions breakdown for Nebraska
Total emissions of 121 Tg N yr-1 (2005-2008 average)
other
anthropogenic
fires
other fertilizer
wheat
fertilizer
beef crop
natural
corn fertilizer
beef housing
other
livestock
poultry
other
pork
poultry
storage
housing
pork crop
beef pasture
dairy all
What product(s) would be of particular value to CenSARA members?
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Using satellite observations of methane
to constrain US methane emissions
methane emissions
SCIAMACHY methane (Jul-Aug 2004)
adjoint
inversion
1700
15
ppb
1800
Total US anthropogenic emissions (Tg a-1)
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EDGAR v4.2 26.6
EPA
28.3
This work
32.7
5
0
Livestock
Oil & Gas
Waste
Coal Mining
Other
Wecht et al. [in prep]
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Current satellite observations of methane available from GOSAT
GOSAT data, May-June 2010
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Correction factors to EDGAR v4.2
from preliminary inversion
• GOSAT data are sparser than SCIAMACHY (RIP 2005) but of good quality;
TROPOMI (2015 launch) will give full daily coverage
• We are presently working to squeeze all the information we can get from the
GOSAT data; need stakeholder interest to focus our efforts
• Is this of interest to CenSARA? Can we develop collaborations?
Turner et al. [in progress]
Detection of anthropogenic VOC emission hotspots
by oversampling of satellite (OMI) formaldehyde data
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Res=0.04o, bandwidth=36km
Biogenic
Dallas
Port Arthur
Houston
• Data can be used to
evaluate reactive VOC
emissions in regional
AQ models
• Unexpected hotspots
can be identified (oil/gas
operations?)
• Can cover CenSARA
region if there is interest
– or focus on suspected
hotspots?
Prevailing
Winds
Formaldehyde column, molecules cm-2
Lei Zhu, Harvard