Transcript Disease Treatment

Disease Treatment
Methods of Disease Control in Fish
• Test and Slaughter
• Quarantine or restrict movements
• Destruction of transmission link
• Immunity/disease resistance
• Drug therapy
Types of Drug Therapies
• Drug/chemotherapeutics
are small part of any
health management
plan
- May increase carrying
capacity
- May be detrimental
• Types
- Systemic
- Topical
- Disease prophylaxis
- Injections
- Disinfectants
Laws governing Drug use
• Federal food drug and cosmetic act of 1915
- Limits use of most substances till safety to
animals is proved
• Three Criteria for approval
1. Examined for effectiveness
2. Toxicity of Compound
3. Time of clearance of compound or
metabolites
• The Revised act of 1965 included food additives
Drug Regulation
• Food and drug Administration is
responsible for regulating drugs and
chemotherapeutics
• Three levels of drugs
1. Approved
2. Low Regulatory Priority
3. INAD (Investigation New Animal Drug)
Good Management Practices
• Avoid/Limit disease occurrence
treat on a population basis
• Questions to consider
1. What is the prognosis without treatment?
2. Does potential mortality warrant treatment?
• Four criteria to know
1. Water
2. Fish
3. Chemical
4. Disease
External Treatments
• Success is a balance of time in treatment
and concentration of treatment
• Treatments are used to eliminate /reduce
potential pathogens
• Also used as a tool for maintenance of fish
health
- Bactericides, fungicides, parasides
Types of External Treatments
•
•
•
•
•
Dip
Flush
Bath
Flow through
Pro’s/Cons of Different approaches?
- Handling aspect, mucous is primary line
of defense
- Concentration of treatment
- Stress factors related to treatment
Systemic Treatment
• Administered in an oral route, sometimes
parentally (BKD)
• An effective treatment must be able to control
reproduction of the pathogen as well as safe and
economical
• Limitations:
Mixing
Consistent feeding
Each fish gets required amounts
Prophylaxis (Not recommended)
Considerations with treatments
• Withdrawal Time
- Drug
- Fish Species
- Water Temperature
Static Treatments
Wt. or
volume of
water
x
100
Wt. or
Desired
------------ x
= volume of
concentration
% activity
chem./drug
Constant-Flow Treatments
Flow rate (l/min) x Treatment time (min)
x final concentration (ppm) x .001
Chemical strength (decimal fraction)
=
Wt. of chem./drug
needed
Amount of drug to feed
Wt. of fish
x
100
--------------% activity
x
Treatment level
(mg/kg/day)
=
Wt. of drug
needed