Transcript Tobacco & Alcohol

Tobacco & Alcohol
Tobacco
• Addictive Drug- A substance that causes
physiological or psychological dependence
• Nicotine- The addictive drug found in tobacco
leaves
• Stimulant- A drug that increases the action of
the central nervous system, the heart, and
other organs
Poisonous Substances in Tobacco
Smoke
• Tar- A thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when
tobacco burns
• Carbon Monoxide – A colorless, odorless, and
poisonous gas
• 4,000 chemicals
• 43 known cancer-causing compounds
• 400 toxins
• What's in a Cigarette?
Tobacco
• Not limited to smoking cigarettes
• Smoke from pipes and cigars cause health
concerns
• Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and
produce more tar and carbon monoxide than
cigarettes
• One cigar = 20 cigarettes (nicotine)
• Pipes and cigars increase risk of developing
cancer of the lip, mouth, throat, larynx, lungs,
and esophagus
Smokeless Tobacco
• Sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth,
or chewed
• “Dip”
• Harmful chemicals are absorbed into the body
at levels up to three times the amount of a
single cigarette
• Leukoplakia- thickened, white, leatherylooking spots on the inside of the mouth that
can develop into oral cancer
Short Term Effects (5)
• Brain chemistry changes
– Addiction
– Withdrawal symptoms
• Headaches, nervousness
• Respiration and heart rate increase
• Difficulty breathing
• Endurance decrease
• Irregular heart rate
• Taste buds
– Dulled
– Lose ability to enjoy food
• Bad breath
• Yellowed teeth
• Smelly hair, clothes, and skin
Long Term Effects (1)
• Chronic bronchitis
– Bronchi become damaged
– Tar buildup in the lungs
– Chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion
• Emphysema
– Disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs
– Air sacs become less elastic making it harder to breathe
– 80% of persons energy just to breathe
• Lung cancer
– Cilia in bronchi are destroyed and extra mucus is stuck
– Cancer cells can multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the
lungs
– 90% of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking
Long Term Effects
• Coronary heart disease and stroke
– Nicotine constricts blood vessel which cuts down
blood flow
– Plaque build up which can lead to hardened
arteries
– Arteries that are clogged increase risk of heart
attack and stroke
• Weakened immune system
– Makes body more vulnerable to disease
Other Consequences
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Cost
Average $8.20 per pack
$57.40 per week
$2984.80 per year
10 years = $29,848.00
20 years = $59,680.00
30 years = $89,544.00
Why do people use?
• Addiction
• Peer pressure
• Environment
– Grow up around it
– Friends/family
Alcohol
• Ethanol- The type of alcohol in alcoholic
beverages
– Powerful and addictive drug
• Fermentation- The chemical action of yeast on
sugars
– Water, flavoring, and minerals are mixed with
ethanol to produce beverages such as beer, wine,
and flavored malt liquor drinks
Short Term Effects (2)
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Slows reaction time
Impairs vision
Diminishes judgement
Too much can cause intoxication
Intoxication-The state in which the body is
poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and
the person’s physical and mental control is
significantly reduced
Long Term Effects (2)
• Damage to brain cells and a reduction in brain size
• Increase in blood pressure, which may lead to a heart
attack or stroke
• Buildup of fat cells in the liver which can lead to cell
death
• Damage to the digestive lining of the stomach causing
ulcers and cancer of the stomach
• Destruction of the pancreas
• Damage to relationship with family, friends, and others
Factors that Influence Alcohol’s Effects
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• Body size
– Smaller person feels the effect faster than larger person
• Gender
– Moves in bloodstream faster in females because of smaller bodies
• Food
– Food in stomach slows down the passage of alcohol in bloodstream
• Rate of intake
– If they drink faster than the liver can break it down, person becomes
intoxicated
• Amount
– As the amount increases, the level of alcohol in bloodstream rises
• Medicine
– Alcohol can interfere with medicines; some medicines can heighten
the effects of alcohol
Binge Drinking & Alcohol Poisoning
• Binge drinking- Drinking five or more alcoholic
drinks at one sitting
• Alcohol poisoning- A severe and potentially
fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose
Effects of Alcohol Poisoning (2)
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Mental confusion and stupor
Coma and inability to be roused
Vomiting and seizures
Slow respiration
Irregular heartbeat
Hypothermia or low body temperature
Health Risks of Alcohol Use
• Legal issues
• Violence
• Sexual activity
– STI’s, unplanned pregnancy, sexually active earlier
• Family
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Neglect, abuse, or social isolation
Economic hardship
Personal use alcohol themselves
Mental illness or physical problems
• School
Benefits of Living Alcohol Free (2)
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Maintaining a healthy body
Establishing healthy relationships
Making healthy decisions
Avoiding risky behaviors
Avoiding illegal activities
Avoiding violence
Achieving your goals
Pregnancy
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- A group of alcoholrelated birth defects that include physical and
mental problems
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Small head and deformities of face, hands, feet
Heart, liver, and kidney defects
Vision and hearing problems
Central nervous system problems, developmental
disabilities, poor coordination
– Difficulties learning and short attention span
– Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal
Impact of Alcohol Abuse
• Driving
– Life threatening
• Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)- The amount of alcohol in a person’s
blood, expressed as a percentage
• Driving while intoxicated (DWI)
• Driving under the influence (DUI)
• 0.08 is legal limit anything over results in drunk driving charge
• Consequences of DUI
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Injury or death
Arrest, jail time, lawsuits
Severely restricted driving privileges or loss of drivers license
Higher car insurance rates or canceled insurance
• Riding in a car with someone who has been drinking can be just as
dangerous
• DD
Alcoholism
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Dependent on alcohol
Craving
Loss of control
Physical dependence
Alcoholism
• Stage 1 – Abuse
– Begins with social drinking
– May begin to lie to justify drinking
• Stage 2- Dependence
– Person cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on alcohol
– Tries to hide problem
– Performance drops (work & school)
• Stage 3- Addiction
– Addiction
– Liver damage
– Withdrawal symptoms