Transcript 1st Lecture 1433

PHL 210 Pharmacology
First Lecture
By
Abdelkader Ashour, Ph.D.
Phone: 4677212
Email: [email protected]
Overview
A. Introduction
- Pharmacology, scope & link to other biomedical principles
- Definitions
- Drug Nomenclature
B. Basic concepts in Pharmacology
- Drug-Body Interactions
- Drug Receptors
- Drug Receptor Interactions
Pharmacology, scope &
link to other biomedical principles
Pharmacology, Definitions
 Pharmacology
“The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical
processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules (receptors) and
activating or inhibiting normal body processes”
 Drug
“a chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient or an
essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism,
produces a biological effect”
 Receptor
“A specific protein in either the plasma membrane or interior of a target
cell with which the drug combines”
 Mechanism of Action
“How the drug exerts its action”
 Dose
“The amount of a drug to be administered at one time”
Pharmacology, Definitions
 Effects (therapeutic effects)
“The desired results of
administration of a medication”
 Side Effects (adverse effects)
“Effects that are harmful and
undesired, and that occur in
addition to the desired therapeutic
effects”
 Indications
“The reasons for administering a medication or performing a treatment”
 Contra-indications
“Factors that prevent the use of a medication or treatment (e.g., Allergies)”
Drug Nomenclature
 Chemical name  represents the exact description of the drug’s chemical
composition
 Generic name (non-proprietary) 
- simpler than the chemical name and
- derived from the chemical name itself
- easier to remember
 Example 1: the chemical name 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-l-ethanol is condensed
to the generic name metronidazole. The word methylnitro is condensed to
metroni and dazole is due to its imidazole ring
 Example 2: Metoclopramide is the condensed form of the word
methoxychloroprocainamide: where Me is retained and th is written as t; chloro
is written as clo: and procainamide is written as pramide
 Brand or trade name (proprietary)  is developed by the company requesting
approval for the drug and identifies it as the exclusive property of that company.
 Example 1: Metrogyl® is the trade name for metronidazole.
 Example 2: Reglan® is the trade name for metoclopramide.
 Example 3: Amoxil® is the trade name for amoxycillin.
 Example 4: Celebrex® is the trade name for celecoxib.
Overview
A. Introduction
- Definitions
- Drug Sources
- Drug Nomenclature
- What questions do pharmacologists ask?
B. Basic concepts in Pharmacology
- Drug-Body Interactions
- Drug Receptors
- Drug Receptor Interactions
Drug-Body Interactions
Pharmacokinetics
 Pharmacokinetics (in Greek: "pharmacon" meaning drug, and
"kinetikos" meaning putting in motion)
 The study of the movement of drugs in the body, including the
processes of absorption, distribution, localization in tissues,
biotransformation and excretion
Pharmacodynamics
 The study of the action or effects of drugs on living organisms
Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug
vs
Pharmacodynamics
What the drug does to the body