Transcript Introduction to Pharmacology

Introduction to Pharmacology
Overview
Pharmaceutics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmaceutics
Different dosage forms have different
pharmaceutical properties.
– Drug absorption of various preparations
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Liquids
Powders
Tablets
Enteric-coated tablets
Fastest
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Slowest
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
– Bioavailability
– First Pass Effect
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Pharmacodynamics
Onset, Peak, & Duration
– Onset - time it takes for a therapeutic response.
– Peak – maximum therapeutic response
– Duration – length of time that drug [ ] is sufficient
Agonists & Antagonists
More Pharmacology
Therapeutic Window
Peak & Trough Levels
Loading Dose
Pharmacodynamics
Side Effects
Adverse Reactions
Toxic effects/Toxicity
Nursing Implications
Assessment
Implementation (types of therapies)
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Acute
Maintenance
Supplemental
Palliative
Supportive
Prophylactic
Nursing Implications
Monitoring
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Therapeutic index
Drug [ ]
Patient’s condition
Tolerance and Dependence
Interactions
Life Span Considerations
Polypharmacy and Drug Use
Physiologic Changes
– Slowed gastric emptying
– Gastric pH is less acidic
– GFR decreased by 40-50%
Sample Question
A client complains of pain and asks the nurse for
pain medication. The nurse first assesses vital signs
and finds them to be as follows:
BP 134/92, pulse 90, and respirations 20. The
nurse’s most appropriate action is to:
A. Give the medication
B. Ask if the client is anxious
C. Check the client dressing for bleeding
D. Recheck the clients vital signs in 30 minutes
Sample Question
A client is nauseated, has been vomiting for
several hours, and needs to receive an
antinausea medication. The nurse recognizes
that which of the following is accurate?
A. An enteric-coated medication should be given.
B. Medication will not be absorbed as easily
because of the nausea.
C. A parental route is the route of choice.
D. A rectal suppository must be administered