Transcript Alcohol presentation

ALCOHOL
Alcohol
• Alcohol is the DRUG found in Beer, Liquor
and Wine
• Alcohol is a depressant
– Depressants slow down the
nervous system.
Where does it come from?
• Alcohol occurs in nature when yeast feeds
on sugars in fruit, berries, vegetables, or
grain. Ethyl Alcohol (which is the type
found in beverages) is excreted from the
natural product.
• Are there other types of alcohol?
Types and sources of Alcohol
• Wine
– Examples?
– Fruits are fermented
• Beer
– Examples?
– Grains are fermented
• Liquor
– Examples?
– Distilled Barley or Wine
Alcohol Content
Beer
Wine
Liquor
4-5% alcohol
15-20% alcohol
30-50% alcohol
=
12 oz
=
4 oz
1.5 oz
Dangers of Alcohol and Drug
Interactions
BAC
• BAC is Blood Alcohol Concentration: This
is the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood
(it is based on a percentage)
– BAC can be affected by:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stomach Content
Body size
Time
Mental State
Medications
Carbonation
Intoxication
• Sometimes referred to as being “drunk”
• Physical and Mental Changes caused by
alcohol
Short-term effects
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nausea
Vomiting
Impaired vision
Slow reaction time
Loss of judgment/ self control
Lowered inhibitions
Memory loss
Dehydration (Kidneys produce more water, the water used
to break down alcohol is taken from the rest of the bodyCauses a headache and a hangover)
Short-term Effects (cont.)
• Breathing rates, pulse rates, and blood pressure,
which initially increased, now decrease. A drinker
may lose consciousness, slip into a coma, or die from
alcohol poisoning
• Blackout
• Dilatation of blood vessels (causing the heart to work
harder)
• Impairs decision making
• Emotional
• Slurred Speech
Long-term Effects
•
Brain Damage: Shrunken brain cells and dead brain cells
–
From the lack of Oxygen and Dehydration
•
Irritation to the esophagus and stomach: bleeding, ulcers, cancer
•
High Blood Pressure, Anemia
•
Hepatitis (Inflammation of the liver)
•
Cirrhosis (Healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue)
•
Liver Cancer
•
Small intestine Damage: decreased ability to absorb vitamins
•
Lowers immune system
•
Weight Gain
•
Regrets
•
Addiction
What do you need your liver for?
Filtration system for the body
• Stores energy and Iron
• Stores vitamins
• Takes chemical wastes and poisons from the blood and
breaks them down
Teens and Drinking
• Motor Vehicle Accidents are the #1 cause of death
among teenagers, Alcohol is usually involved.
• Binge Drinking (Very common among teens and
college age kids): Having more than 5 drinks on
one occasion.
– This is extremely dangerous because breathing
and heart beat become severely depressed and
effects can be fatal. Alcohol poisoning can
occur. Alcohol Poisoning occurs when you
drink too much too fast.
Teens and Drinking
Your future can be affected
-Criminal Record: MIP (Minor in Possession),
PI (Public Intoxication), Fake ID
-Sexual Activity (Pregnancy, Unwanted Sex,
STDs)
-Teen bodies and brains are developing, so
you are at a higher risk for long term
damage
Drinking and Driving
• Why is it dangerous?
–
–
–
–
–
Slowed reaction time
Impaired vision
Drowsy
Reduces coordination
Affects your judgement
What is a DUI?
Driving Under the Influence
(sometimes referred to as
“DWI”- driving while intoxicated)
The act of operating a motor
vehicle after having consumed alcohol
(or other drugs), to the degree that
mental and motor skills are impaired.
California Laws
California has two basic drunk driving laws, found in Vehicle Code
section 23152, sections (a) and (b):
• 23152(a) It is a misdemeanor to drive under the influence of
alcohol and/or drugs.
• 23152(b) It is a misdemeanor to drive with .08% or more of
alcohol in your blood.
Felony DUI
Any person who, while under the influence of intoxicating liquor,
or under the combined influence of intoxicating liquor and
any drug, drives a vehicle and when so driving does any act
forbidden by law or neglects any duty imposed by law in the
driving of such vehicle, which act or neglect proximately
causes bodily injury to any person other than himself, is
guilty of a felony. [California Vehicle Code Section 23153.]
Added to the corpus delicti:
1.
Violation of a Statute
2.
Bodily Injury
3.
Proximate Causation
Zero Tolerance Law
• A law in all 50 states
• Any person under the age of 21 who is
driving with any amount of Alcohol in their
system
– Lose License
– Fines
– Community Service
What happens if you get pulled
over?
• The officer has reason to believe there is drinking
and driving
• Field sobriety testes are preformed
• Blood, Breath, Urine tests to determine BAC
• If you refuse a test or the BAC is .08% or highertaken into custody
• Car impounded
Field Sobriety Tests
(1) recite the alphabet
(2) count backwards
(3) line-walking
(4) finger-to-nose
(5) heel-to-toe
(6) balancing one foot at a time
(7) fingers-to-thumb
(8) hand pat
(9) bending forward and backward with your eyes closed
Consequences
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fines: $1300 +
Probation
DUI education program
License suspension
Property damage fines
Insurance rates
Injury or fatalities (charges in court)
Devastating Consequences
• Every day, eight teens die in alcohol related car crashes in the United
States
• How would you feel if you were responsible for the death or injury of
another person because you choose to drink and drive or let a friend
drink and drive?
• Drunk Drivers usually suffer less consequences than the innocent
victims
BAC activity
• Analyze the BACs of individuals who are
attending a party where alcohol is served.
• Determine each individual’s BAC at the end
of the party and decide weather the
individual can legally drive home.
Drivers Simulation
• Record observations of Driver A and Driver
B.
Prevention
1. Choose not to drink!!
2. Plan ahead: Designate a driver, bring
money for a cab, have a back up ride
3. Do not ride with someone who has been
drinking
How do I stop my friend from Drinking
and Driving?
•
•
•
•
Use a calm approach, suggest an alternative
Make a joke about it
Tell them you will not ride with them
Locate keys and take away when they are
preoccupied
• Avoid embarrassing the person or being
confrontational
Saying No to alcohol!
• Don’t set yourself up
• Find an alternative activity
• Say that you will be the designated driver or
the person who will watch out for your
friends
• State the consequences
Alcoholism
• A disease that causes a person to loose
control of their drinking behavior.
– Stages: Problem Drinking, Tolerance,
Dependence, Alcoholism
– Warning Signs
– Risk Factors
– How it affects the family
FAS
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: The fetus is
exposed to alcohol when the Mother drinks
during pregnancy
– Brain deformities
– Learning disabilities
– Physical deformities
Treatment Programs
• Alcoholics Anonymous
• Al-Anon, Alateen
Liver
When alcohol enters the liver, the liver breaks down alcohol into
energy and the waste products carbon dioxide and water. The carbon
dioxide is released from the body in the lungs. The water passes out
of the body as breath vapor, perspiration, or urine. When people drink
alcohol faster than the liver can break it down, they become
intoxicated.
Kidneys
Alcohol prevents the release of body chemicals that regulates how
much urine the kidneys make. The kidneys produce more urine than
usual, and the drinker looses more water than usual. The drinker
becomes very thirsty. In extreme cases, a drinker may loose water
needed for the body to function properly.
Bloodstream
What does alcohol do when alcohol enters the blood
stream? When alcohol enters the blood, it causes the
blood vessels to widen. More blood flows to the skin's
surface. However, the drinker's body temperature drops
as the increased blood flow to the surface allows body
heat to escape. People who drink alcohol in cold
weather to get warm actually accomplish the opposite.
Brain
How does alcohol effect the brain? When alcohol reaches the
brain, it immediately has a depressant effect. People who drink
alcohol may describe the change as relaxing. What they actually
experience are physical changes such as loss of sensation and a
decrease in sharpness of vision, hearing, and other senses.
Alcohol also affects the parts of the brain that control muscle
coordination, which is why drinkers may loose their balance or
stumble.
If drinking continues, alcohol depresses the part of the brain that
controls breathing and heart beat. Breathing rates, pulse rates,
and blood pressure, which initially increased, now decrease. A
drinker may loose consciousness, slip into a coma, or die from
alcohol poisoning
Heavy drinkers and many first-time drinkers may suffer blackouts.
Other people recall seeing the drinker walking, talking, and in
control. The following day however, the drinker has no memory of
some events the day before.