Transcript Dangers of Alcohol PPT

Alcohol
ALCOHOL NOTEMAKER
A
Alcohol is a depressant. It alters
mood, thinking and behavior. The
intoxicating ingredient in alcoholic
drinks is ethyl alcohol (ETHANOL).
Pure alcohol has no color or taste.
Alcoholic drinks get their color and
flavor from the ingredients used to
make them.
The Least You Need to Know:
1. Short term vs. Long term effects…
2. What is a ‘standard drink…’
3. What is BAC?
4. What is oxidation?
5. How long to oxidize 1 drink?
6. Sobering Myths…
7. Factors influencing absorption…
8. F.A.S. (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
9. Factors contributing to alcoholism.
Path of Alcohol
1. Mouth: alcohol enters the body.
2. Stomach: ¼ of alcohol gets in
the bloodstream in the stomach,
but most goes on to the small
intestine.
3. Small Intestine: alcohol enters
the bloodstream through the
walls of the small intestine.
4. Heart: pumps alcohol throughout
the body.
5. Brain: alcohol reaches the brain.
6. Liver: alcohol is oxidized by the
liver at a rate of about 1 drink per
hour. Alcohol is converted into
water, C02, & 7 calories/gram.
THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL and
THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN
Brain- first area depressed: speech, thought,
restraint, judgment, inhibition
• Then, spinal cord reflexes and respiration which
can be fatal.
• disturbed sleep patterns, change in REM sleep
• black-outs may occur (periods of time that can’t
be remembered when sober)
Effects on Body Continued
 Cardiovascular- dilates blood vessels which causes loss of heat
*initially increases heart rate, then slows it down
 Gastrointestinal- toxic effect on stomach lining
*irritates ulcers
*increases acid and pepsin secretions (digestive fluid)
*nauseant
 Sexual Stimulation- too much alcohol abolishes sexual function
 Liver- (blood volume circulates through liver every 4 minutes)
*cells in liver destroyed
*scarring, also called Cirrhosis
*fatty liver
*can cause death long term
Normal Liver, Fatty Liver, Cirrhosis
Alcohol and Cancer
Linked to many forms:
Liver
Pancreas
Stomach
Large intestine
Rectum
Breast
Worsens with combined use of tobacco
products (oral and throat)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
#1 cause of preventable mental retardation
Results in wide set eyes, flat/broad nose,
small head, and learning disabilities
How much alcohol is in 1 drink?
Amounts of alcohol: (2/3 ounce of pure
ethanol)
Same for all below!!
*shot of hard liquor (86 proof/ 43% alcohol)
*wine- 5 ounces (12% alcohol)
*can of beer 12 ounces (4.5% alcohol)
Standard Drinks
Blood Alcohol Concentration
 Blood Alcohol Concentration: measured in percentages
*0.01% means 10mg of alcohol per 100mL of blood
*maximum BAC is reached within 20-30 minutes
 Alcohol poisoning- can happen in one episode of binge
drinking
*can be fatal
*choke on own vomit or midbrain shuts down which regulates
breathing
*call 911 if you notice: vomiting, seizures, stupor, coma, can’t
awaken, pale skin
*once a person passes out, their BAC continues to rise
Effects of Alcohol Chart
Factors Influencing Absorption
• Type, #, Size of Drinks
• Food
• Body Size
• Drug Interaction (s)?
• Gender
Gender differences: women
tend to be more affected by
alcohol than men (< of alcohol
metabolizing enzyme)
How do you know if someone has
a problem with alcohol?
Alcoholism- Unable to stop drinking despite
damaged health, work/school, and relationships
Occurs in 3 Stages:
Abuse- gets drunk regularly, blackouts, memory loss, lies
about drinking, tolerance occurs
Dependence- physically needs drug, tries to hide problem,
performance at job/school/home suffers, makes excuses,
blames others for their drinking
Addiction- drinking is most important in life, out of control, in
denial, liver damage common, severe withdrawal if drinking is
stopped
Alcoholism Statistics
1st degree relatives of alcoholics are 2-7x more
likely than general population to develop
problems with alcohol
Teens who drink before age 15 are 4x more
likely to become alcoholics than those who start
at 21
Withdrawal Symptoms
Will occur, if addicted, within 12-72 hours after last
drink
Signs:
Shaking
Tremors
Profuse sweating
Nausea
Anxiety
Diarrhea
Hallucinations
Disorientation
Delirium Tremens (seizures, cardiovascular collapse can be
fatal)
Lasts for 5-7 days
Treatment
Detoxification
Behavior Therapy
Antabuse Drug Therapy
Alcoholics Anonymous
Alanon (for family)
Alateen (for kids of alcoholics)
So, why does alcohol seem like
no big deal?
Advertising
Leads us to believe that alcohol= athletic, social,
and sexual success, happiness, healthiness, good
times
We think drinking is normal and glamorous without
negative consequences.
Harm Reduction
What do you think about parents allowing teen
drinking in their homes?