Transcript Alcohol Section 2

Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Objectives
Summarize the effects of intoxication on the
body systems.
List four factors that affect blood alcohol
concentration.
Identify three ways that intoxication may lead
to death.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Health Stats What trend does this graph reveal?
How is reaction time—the time it takes people to respond to
a situation—affected by alcohol? Explain how an increase in reaction
time affects a person’s safety on the road.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Physical and Behavioral Effects
• Unlike food, alcohol does not have to be digested in
the stomach before it is absorbed into the blood.
• Alcohol gets into a person’s bloodstream within
minutes of being consumed.
• Once in the blood, alcohol circulates throughout the
body, where it has widespread effects.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Effects on Body Systems
• Intoxication is the state in which a person’s mental
and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or
another substance.
• Many negative effects on a drinker’s body and
behavior accompany intoxication by alcohol.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Effects of Intoxication
Cardiovascular System
• Heart rate and blood
pressure increase.
• More blood flows to the
skin’s surface.
• Core body temperature
decreases.
Excretory System
• Kidneys increase
urine production.
• Drinker loses more
water from body
than usual.
Nervous System
• Brain activity slows down.
• Coordination becomes
impaired.
• Sensations and perception
become less clear.
• Reflexes become sluggish.
Digestive System
• Too much alcohol in the
stomach may cause
vomiting.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Effects on Behavior
• As intoxication takes effect, drinkers begin to lose
judgment and self-control.
• At the same time, alcohol decreases drinkers’
natural fears.
• A blackout is a period of time that the drinker
cannot recall.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Blood Alcohol Concentration
• Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the amount of
alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a
percentage.
• The higher a person’s blood alcohol concentration, the
more severe the physical and behavioral effects.
• Blood alcohol concentration is a more reliable
measure of intoxication than the number of drinks
consumed.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Factors Affecting BAC
• Rate of Consumption People who have a few
drinks in one hour have a higher BAC than people
who drink the same amount over several hours.
• Gender Males generally will have a lower BAC than
females.
• Body Size In general, smaller people—by weight
and height—feel the effects of alcohol more than
larger people.
• Amount of Food in the Stomach Drinking on an
empty stomach increases the rate of alcohol
absorption into the bloodstream.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
For: More on blood alcohol concentration
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
After Drinking Ends
• Once a person stops drinking, BAC begins to
decrease.
• The intoxicating effects of alcohol slowly diminish,
and the person’s reflexes and coordination return
to normal.
• Nothing can speed the liver’s ability to break down
alcohol.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Hangovers
• Hangover is a term used to describe the aftereffects
of drinking too much alcohol.
• Symptoms of a hangover include
• nausea
• upset stomach
• headache
• sensitivity to noise
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Life-Threatening Effects
• The short-term effects of intoxication can put a
drinker at serious risk.
• Intoxication increases the risk of death from
• motor vehicle crashes
• alcohol overdose
• interactions of alcohol with other drugs
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Motor Vehicle Crashes
• Alcohol is involved in about 40 percent of fatal motor
vehicle crashes.
• Driving While Intoxicated A driver over age 21
caught driving with a BAC that exceeds the legal
limit of 0.08 is charged with driving while
intoxicated (DWI).
• Zero Tolerance Laws There is no acceptable BAC
for underage drivers. The penalties for underage
drivers may be more strict than those for other
drivers.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Overdose
• Taking an excessive amount of a drug that leads to
coma or death is called an overdose.
• Alcohol overdose, also called alcohol poisoning,
can cause the heart and breathing to stop.
• Binge drinking is the consumption of excessive
amounts of alcohol at one sitting.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Interactions With Other Drugs
• Alcohol is a depressant drug.
• When a person drinks alcohol and takes another
depressant, the combination can cause drastic
changes in the body.
• In extreme cases, combining alcohol and other
depressants leads to coma or death.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Vocabulary
intoxication
The state in which a person’s mental and
physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or
another substance.
blackout
A period of time that an intoxicated person
cannot recall.
blood alcohol
concentration (BAC)
The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood,
expressed as a percentage.
hangover
A term used to describe the aftereffects of
drinking too much alcohol.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
Vocabulary
driving while
intoxicated (DWI)
The charge given to a driver over age 21 caught
driving with a BAC that exceeds 0.08 percent, or
to a driver under the age of 21 with any
detectable BAC.
overdose
The consequence of taking an excessive amount
of a drug that leads to coma or death.
binge drinking
The consumption of excessive amounts of
alcohol at one sitting.
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
QuickTake Quiz
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Section 15.2 Alcohol’s Effects on the Body
End of Section 15.2
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