Transcript Expansion in the MEDW

Expansion in the
MEDW
Ability, mobility & motivation
The life cycle of coastal resorts in
the UK & Spain
Globalisation of tourism
A booming industry
 1.78 million employees in UK.
 6% of GDP.
 1950-2000: 25-650 million arrivals (forecast
1 billion by 2010).
 40% global growth during 1990’s.
 Holidays taken by UK residents 1971-98:
34-27 million in GB, 8-29 million abroad.
 1998 destinations dominated by Europe
(81%).
 1995 East Asia & Pacific had 14.1% of
world market with 10% annual growth
rate.
Contemporary tourism - using the
supplements
 New times & accommodation:
 Low season, short breaks, weekends, last
minute, self-catering, cottages, villas.
 New places:
 Antarctica, Eastern Europe, Amazon, Nepal,
Sahara, Australian outback.
 New themes:
 Adventure, wilderness, city, rural, heritage,
sport, trekking, agro-, eco-, expedition, wine,
cooking.
 New threats?
Explaining the modern expansion of recreation &
tourism

ABILITY - Work practices have changed due to
increases in paid holiday, flexible hours, sabaticals, etc.
Real incomes have mostly grown in the last 40 years.
More retired people. Package holidays invented in
1960’s.

MOBILITY - Car ownership, motorway networks, ferry
technology & Channel Tunnel have enabled increased
domestic and near European tourism. Air travel
technology most significant (long haul), expansion of
international airports (LEDC’s recently) & cut-price
airlines.

MOTIVATION - Expansion of media & internet provides
information. Fashionable nature of holidays in
increasingly exotic/adventurous destinations. Health &
fitness revolution has impacted on active recreation &
tourism eg mountain biking & snow boarding.
The development of a coastal resort:
Blackpool
• 1780’s - 4 substantial hotels for gentry. Fashionable
and good for health.
• 1846 - rail link enables annual holidays for working
classes from Lancs. & Yorks.
• 1890’s - 250 000 holidaymakers accommodated.
• Development of secondary resources:
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North then Central Pier.
Tower.
Illuminations, Stanley Park, Pleasure Beach, zoo.
Ballrooms, nightclubs.
Sandcastle indoor waterpark.
• £1 billion initiative to regenerate into a world class
resort and create 200 000 jobs.
Pleasure Beach
• 1930’s major import of
rides from USA.
• 1960’s resurgence of
building projects Monorail & Log flume.
• 1990’s major
upgrades - Pepsi Big
One (1994 - £12
million).
• 2000 greatest single
investment £15 million
upgrade.
• With 6.2 million
visitors/annum the
UK’s top visitor
attraction.
The Illuminations
• Date from 1879 but in
present form from
1912.
• Originally in May but
now post-season. This
year 1st Sept - 5th
Nov.
• Stretching 6 miles.
• Extend season by two
months.
Extending the season diversification.
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Conference trade is very significant in modern
coastal resorts providing all year round revenue.
Blackpool firmly established on circuit of major
political party conferences in October.
Intention to make Blackpool the Las Vegas of the
North.
154 000 population has 86% employed in service
sector.
1989 - 12 500 tourism industry workers & 4 million
overnight visitors.
Benidorm: Before & after
In the 1950’s Benidorm was an unknown fishing
village.
The 1960’s brought airline innovation and package
holidays. This enabled the expansion of mass
tourism associated with Stage 3 of Butler’s Model.
Tourists could have the traditional “bucket & spade”
holiday in the Mediterranean climate and away
from the crumbling fabric and exceeded
carrying capacities of the UK’s coastal resorts.
Spanish tourism in figures
 Spain makes more money from tourism than any other
country in the world.
 Tourism accounts for 10% of GDP and employs 11% of the
workforce.
 If we apply the concept of the product life cycle to Spain as
we have done to the UK what comparisons and similarities
can be identified?
Year
No. of UK tourists
Total no. of tourists
Revenue (US $)
1950
-
0.7 million
21 million
1960
0.4 million
6 million
296 million
1970
3 million
24 million
1680 million
1980
6.2-7.5 million (by 1988)
38 million
7000 million
1990
7 million
52 million
18000 million
Compare and
contrast the
changing nature of
tourism in two tourist
regions of Europe.
How applicable is
Butler’s Model?
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