Transcript Coasts & Tourism

Coasts & Tourism
Use your exercise book along with this PowerPoint to help you revise
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How the sea can wear away the land (including undercutting)
Processes of erosion (abrasion, hydraulic action, solution, attrition)
How the sea can transport material (longshore drift)
Formation of arch, stack, stump (features formed from the erosion of
a headland)
Definition of tourism
Reasons for the growth of tourism globally
Positive and negatives impacts of tourism
Impacts of tourism on Benidorm
How does the sea wear away the land?
Undercutting
1. Waves attack the bottom of the cliff, particularly
during storms and at high tide.
2. Eventually a wave-cut notch is formed.
3. At the same time weathering attacks and weakens
the top of the cliff.
4. The weakened cliff is left unsupported and
eventually collapses.
5. Once the sea has removed the fallen rocks it can
start the process again.
6. The cliff will move back (retreat).
How does the sea wear away the land?
Processes of erosion
Hydraulic action
Waves force air into cracks in the cliff causing it to break apart
Solution
Chemicals in the water cause the rock to dissolve
Abrasion
Waves throw rocks at the cliff, breaking it apart
Attrition
Rocks collide becoming smaller and smoother
Video explaining the processes:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/clips/zdxg9j6
How does the sea transport material?
Longshore drift is a process of transportation that shifts eroded material along the coastline.
• Waves approach the coast at an angle.
• Swash carries sediment up the beach at an angle.
• Backwash carries sediment down the beach with gravity – at right angles to the beach.
• This creates a zig-zag movement of sediment along the beach.
Animation of longshore drift
Formation of an arch, stack, stump
1. Waves cause weaknesses to form
cracks at the base of the headland
2. Over time the cracks become
larger to form a cave
4. The arch grows larger and
eventually collapses leaving a stack
separated from the mainland
3. The cave gets bigger and cracks
appear above the cave in the top of
the headland
5. The stack erodes and becomes
a stump
Definition of tourism
• Tourism is travelling away from
home for more than 24 hours.
Reasons for the growth of tourism
• People have greater disposable income. This is money left over once they have paid for
essentials.
• People have more paid holidays. In the UK, the number of weeks we have off work has increased
from about two weeks in the 1950s to four to six weeks now.
• Travel has become easier and cheaper. More people have cars and our roads and motorways are
better quality, making it easier to travel further in less time. Also, flights are cheaper and the
internet makes it easy to plan and book a holiday.
• People are visiting a wider range of places - partly because they have a better knowledge and
understanding of places. As well as learning about different places at school, we watch television
programmes and browse the internet. This awareness increases people's expectations.
• There is a greater variety of holidays to choose from. All-inclusive package holidays have become
very popular.
• People have more leisure time.
• Many countries have invested money in facilities and infrastructure that make it easier for
tourists, such as roads, airports and hotels.
• Ageing populations - people are able to travel in the free time that they have when they retire.
Positive and negative impacts of tourism
Tourism in Benidorm - video
Impacts of tourism on Benidorm
Impacts of tourism on Benidorm