Transcript M01P01

CP551 Sustainable Development
(SD)
SD is the environmental,
economic and social well-being
for today and tomorrow.
Prof. R. Shanthini
12 Nov 2012
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Source: International Institute for Sustainable Development
Module 1:
Components of SD:
environment, economy & society
Games and group discussions to introduce the need for
Sustainable Development in today’s world
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Discussion Point 1:
Write a list of what is to be developed and
what is to be sustained from your point of
view considering your values and beliefs.
Take 10 mins.
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What is to be
sustained?
Life support
Ecosystem services
Resources
Environment
For
how
long?
25 to 50
years?
Nature
Earth
Biodiversity
Ecosystems
Community
Cultures/Groups
Places
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What is to be
developed?
Economy
Wealth
Productive sectors
Consumption
People
Now and
in
the
future?
Life expectancy
Education
Equity
Equal opportunity
Society
Forever?
Institutions
Social capital
States/ Regions
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ECONOMICS
Production & Resourcing
Exchange & Transfer
Accounting & Regulation
Consumption & Use
Labour & Welfare
Technology & Infrastructure
Wealth & Distribution
Organization & Governance
Law & Justice
Communication & Movement
Representation & Negotiation
Security & Accord
Dialogue & Reconciliation
Ethics & Accountability
POLITICS
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ECOLOGY
Materials & Energy
Water & Air
Flora & Fauna
Habitat & Food
Place & Space
Constructions & Settlements
Emission & Waste
Engagement & Identity
Recreation & Creativity
Memory & Projection
Belief & Meaning
Gender & Generations
Enquiry & Learning
Health & Wellbeing
CULTURE
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SD as defined by Brundtland Commission:
“Development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.“
- “Our Common Future”, 1987
Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland
Former Prime Minister, Norway
Former Chair/ World Commission on
Environment and Development
Responsible for the broad political concept of SD
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SD as defined by Brundtland Commission:
“Development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.“
- “Our Common Future”, 1987
It is assumed in the above definition that the
state of technology and the social organizations
today are unable to meet present and future
needs of everyone, including the world’s poor.
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Three pillars model of SD
(ideal)
(Social
Equity)
How do they relate to each other?
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Discussion Point 2:
Let us choose anything that help in the
economic growth or our well being and
discuss it from the point of view of the
three pillars of sustainability: economic
prosperity, environmental protection
and social justice (equity).
Take 20 mins.
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Euler diagram of SD
Economic
Viable
Equitable
sustainable
Environment
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Bearable
Social
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Euler diagram of SD (as we move towards SD)
Economic
Equitable
Viable
sustainable
Environment
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Bearable
Social
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Euler diagram of SD (as we move towards SD)
As the circles
overlaps
sustainability
is becoming
more and more
realizable
Economic prosperity
sustainability
Environmental
protection
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Social
justice
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Discussion Point 3:
Let us identify something that brings
the circles of economic prosperity,
environmental protection and social
justice to overlap on each other.
Take 20 mins.
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Technocentric
Ecocentric
Nature should be
manipulated to make
humanity’s existence
better
Nature helps humanity’s
existence and should be
treated with respect and
humility
Present economic system is
accepted, but considered to
require some gradual
revision
Rapid and fundamental
changes in economy
and society are desired
Sustainable development
through rational use of
resource, better planning
and clean technologies
Sustainable development
through alternative and
appropriate technologies
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Economy
Society
Environment
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The Egg of sustainability:
ecosystem
Stresses &
benefits
from
ecosystem
to people
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people
Stresses &
benefits
from
people to
ecosystem
International Union for the
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Conservation of Nature, 1994
Some landmarks in SD
Earth Summit — the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
during 3 – 14 June 1992.
In the Earth Summit, the World committed to the following:
- Development should be sustainable.
- Eradicating poverty and reducing disparities in
living standards in different parts of the world are
essential to achieve sustainable development.
Guidelines to achieve the commitment: Agenda 21
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Some landmarks in SD
Earth Summit — the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
during 3 – 14 June 1992.
Other outcomes:
- United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
- Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
- and more…..
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Some landmarks in SD
United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development
(CSD) established in Dec 1992
Earth Summit 2002 or World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002
United States did not attend it.
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Some landmarks in SD
Rio+20 (United Nations Conference on Sustainable
Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during 20-22 June
2012)
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Index, 1992 = 100
Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20
190
GDP (2005 PPP $)
180
GDP per capita (2005 PPP $)
170
160
Population
150
140
130
120
110
100
1991
1996
2001
2006
2011
Year
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12 Nov 2012
Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43
Index, 1992 = 100
Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20
190
GDP (2005 PPP $)
180
GDP per capita (2005 PPP $)
170
160
150
140
130
120
Population
- global population up by 28%
- global GDP per capita up by 48%
- global GDP up by 89%
110
100
1991
1996
2001
2006
2011
Year
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12 Nov 2012
Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43
Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20
Range of GDP per capita of individual countries (in 2005
PPP $):
- 200 to 68,800 in 1992
- 300 to 73,350 in 2011
Wide gap existing between the extremities of the
economic status of countries has remained persistently
the same over the last twenty years.
Number of people living in slums:
- increased by 26%
- 656 million in 1990 to 827 million in 2010
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12 Nov 2012
Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43
Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20
160
Index, 1992 = 100
150
140
130
120
GDP per capita
CEU
CO2
CEU per capita
CO2 per capita
CEU per GDP
CO2 per GDP
110
100
90
80
70
1991
1996
2001
2006
2011
Year CEU: Commercial Energy USE
CO2: Carbon Dioxide Emission
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12 Nov 2012
Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43
Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20
- vertebrate (comprising birds, mammals, amphibians,
reptiles and fish) populations have declined by 30%
since 1970 and a continuing decline is expected.
- almost 20% of the vertebrate species are threatened by
extinction and the levels of threat are increasing fastest
for corals
- number of fish species threatened has increased from
5680 in 2010 to 6213 in 2011, which is a 9% increase in
a year
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12 Nov 2012
Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43
An engineering example for
unsustainable development
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