Transcript The Mongolian Academy of Sciences

By Academican B.Enkhtuvshin
(President of Mongolian Academy of Sciences)
Phone: 976-11-262216, Mobile: 976-99119024, Fax: 976-11-2622247
E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
Policy of Science and Technology
Role of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences in
the development of National Innovation
System
Conclusion
Mongolia has mineral deposits and resources, one of the
largest in the world and the majority of the nation’s economic
growth comes from the mining industry. Inter alia, 20 per cent
of GDP and 87 per cent of export come from the mining sector.
However, In the 21st century a nation’s advancement has rightly
raised a question to produce a knowledge, to develop, master,
introduce and acclimatize and continue to develop and improve
the science management.
The innovation undertaking is of high importance for making
the effective application of a newly emerging knowledge in the
science and technology field. Some time has passed by since the
approval and implementation of the National Innovation System
for 2008 – 2015.
Nonetheless, The National Innovation System /NIS/in Mongolia
is now being constituted in this country and let me describe
what role and contribution the Mongolian Academy of Sciences
and scientists would play.
– Basic Research Institutes and centers of MAS – 22
– Research and Production Corporations – 8
– Research Institutes of Public Universities – 13
– Applied Research Institutes under Ministries – 9
– Private research institutions – 4
Parliament
Government
National Council
of S&T
Branch Ministries
Mongolian
Academy of
Sciences
Institutes, centers
under Mongolian
Academy of
Sciences
Institutes under
Branch Ministries
Ministry of Education
Culture and Science
Foundation for
S&T
Science,
Technology and
production
corporations
Public and Private
Universities
Activities line
Financing line
Private R&D
institutes and
others





Area - 1,565,000 км2
Population – over 2,834,200 (Dec. 2011)
GDP - 8.2 billion US$ (Dec. 2011)
Foreign Trade - 6108.6 million US$ (2010)
Total manufactured goods - 4726.9 billion MNT (3.59 billion US$) of which 3150.7 billion MNT
are of mining and extracting industry (2010)
 Per capita GDP according to the World Bank statistics – 2251 US$
 Per capita GNP according to the World Bank statistics – 2044 US$
 Economic Growth - 17.3 per cent (2011)
 Per capita Number of Livestock- 11.8 (2010)
 Population growth - 1.1% each year
 Human Development Index- 0.763 (2010)
 Percentage of science expenditure in GDP - 0.20 (2011)
 Innovation Index -0.6 (ranks at 102, innovation efficiency index)
The extremely low level of competitiveness the industrial enterprises shows their technological
backwardness. The analysis of the sectoral structure shows that the majority of sub-sectors belong to
capital and labor consuming (60 per cent) and productions that require low and low-medium skill. 85
per cent of the productions are of low science intensive. The larger portion of exports (97.7 per cent) is
no-tech or low-low tech products and 25 per cent of imports are low-tech, 73 per cent – medium-tech
and only 2 percent are high-tech products.
Types of R&D
S&T Projects
Theoretical basic
research works
Progressive technology
(innovation) research
projects
Joints projects with
foreign organizations
and researchers
MAS grant
Grants for young
researchers
Grants for young
doctors
Support for readymade outcomes
Centralized actions
Expenses for
centralized activities of
research entities
Priority areas, core
technology
Partnership to settle
inter-sectoral issues
Grand total
Total expenses (thousand MNT)
2009
2010
2011
892,458,1
866,401,6
994,855.1
55,465.6
1,021,186.3
848,633.1
Share in total expenses
2009
2010
2011
8.08
6.2
5.9
5.03
7.3
5.04
8.1
8.6
946,600.0
1,131,400.0
1,450,000.0
8.57
417,300.0
314,021.6
500,00.0
3.78
2.3
2.9
64,00.0
20,00.0
64,00.0
20,000.0
64,00.0
26,00.0
0.58
0.18
0.5
0.1
0.38
0.15
60,00.0
0.36
296,00,0
305,000,0
450,00,0
2,68
2,2
2,5
187,368.4
407,550.0
595,00.0
1.70
2.9
3.5
7,661,890.0
9,795,335.6
10,525,512.0
69.39
70.3
62.6
11,041,100.0
13,924,895.1
1,00,000.0
5.9
300,00.0
1.7
16,814,000.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
 The master plan of Science and
Technology 2007-2020 to develop
Mongolia’s science and technology
stipulates the establishment of effective
national innovation system and its
implementation,
 According to the Government agenda
2008-2012 the tendency of Innovation and
Technology is to be studied, legal
condition for innovation system be formed
and to support innovation system in the
country,
 The National Innovation Development
Program (2008-2015) is to develop an
effective national innovation system.
Program to develop in Mongolia a National Innovation system for
2008-2018. It
adopted several sub-programs within the
framework of this Program. They are as follows:




Sub-program to form an innovation system
Sub-program to develop progressive technologies
Sub-program to support R&D in the state –run universities
Sub-program to train and support young researchers
In addition, The development of following strategies were
projected within the framework of sub-program to develop the
National Innovation system:
 to create economic mechanisms for the collaborations of scienceindustry joint research works
 to support and develop important models of innovation financing
 to form and develop elements of innovation infrastructure
 to develop a system to provide the participants of the innovation
activities with appropriate information, advises and to train specialists,
 to improve the legal environment for innovation.
Great Khan Khublai in
particular, established the
first academic institution of
the nation called “The
Academic of Worthies”.
Mongolian’s first center of
modern science came into
being
in
1921
the
established
of
“The
Institute of Scripts”.
This then happened in 1961
it was finally reorganized as
“The Mongolian Academy
of Sciences”
As of 2011, there are 22 its
research
institutes
and
centers operating by MAS
and
1042
employees
working in MAS, of which
781 are researchers
In order to implement the subprograms of the National
Innovation System and to
improve the coherence among
Science, State and Business
(Industry), the Government, the
Academy
of
Sciences,
universities, industry, business
and civil society organizations
have started their cooperative
arrangements.
The
National
Innovation
System consists of the national
economy as a whole and as a
makeup
it incorporates a
several
sub-systems
and
elements and subjects that play
the role of system mechanism.
The sub-systems are:
Create
knowledge
Support
innovation
Transfer
knowledge
commercialization
of science and
technology
Innovation
production
The Mongolian Academy of Sciences together with educational institutions will
participate as major player within the framework of the sub-system to create
knowledge and as partner with other sub-systems. Therefore, MAS within the NIS
development objectives has been working to implement the following guidelines:
 to intensify R&D works and to increase the process of creating new knowledge
and technology,
 to create and develop a unite for profits in order to conduct training, research and
experiments, to consolidate the industrial bases and to support the training and
research works,
 To turn the intellectual properties (patents, licenses and copyrights etc.) into
economic effect,
 To implement in conjunction with other organizations registration and promotion
of discoveries and works, establishing information pool and network and
international authentication of intellectual works patents and copyrights,
 To establish and develop cooperative arrangements with world’s major,
prestigious research organizations, centers and laboratories .
 To develop e-science program, which consists of the following two sub programs:


establishment of a science, technology and innovation information network
digitization of the MAS research work outcomes.
Based on the recommendations and discussions of the MAS scientists and
researchers, The Government of Mongolia adopted in 2010 the list of Priority
directions and core technology of Mongolian S&T Areas of Mongolia for 2010-2014.
The priority setting of S&T of the coming years are:
1. Human development and quality of life
• Education, health, living condition and upbringing
2. Environment protection and use of natural resources
• Environment protection (forest, water, air and land)
• Mining industry (exploring, exploiting and processing)
• Energy (production, distribution and utilization)
3. Intensification of agriculture
• Livestock
• Farming
• Production of ecologically clean products
4. Advanced technologies (nano-, bio- and information technology)
•Leading industrial technologies
•Nanotechnology
•Biotechnology
•Information technology
First of all, Mongolian economy has sub economy and it means that it has advantage
such as flexibility and possibility to make reform quickly, dynamic and high ability to
make maneuver. Therefore, based on these advantage we can overcome our country’s
technological backwardness in short time through establishing effective structure of
NIS, renovating science and industrial base with enhancing benefits of resource and
potential of it.
The MAS has a possibility and potential to implement an important duty to the
building of NIS in our country. One of directions of activity of the MAS is to
participate to the intensification process of economy and technology through the
making innovation from new knowledge and technology as a result of research
projects and fundamental researches by our scholars in the fields of conservancy,
protection of the flora and fauna, breeding and planting new species, recovering and
restoring of natural resources, also in branches of mineral resource, energetic,
architecture, light and heavy industries, transport and communication and IT.
For the building NIS in the condition of Mongolia we must combine an international
experience and national specific character. In my opinion, the process of formation of a
innovation is based on its sub systems, and main sub-system for NIS is system and its
subjects, which build a knowledge. Therefore the MAS is main subject for building
and developing new knowledge in the National Innovation System in Mongolia.
Thank you for your attention