Transcript National Innovation System of Mongolia

Background
STIS of Mongolia
Strategies of innovation
and expected outcomes
Conclusion
By Academican B.Enkhtuvshin
Vice-President of MAS,
Mobile: 976-99119024, Fax:976-11-329624
E-Mail: [email protected]
Total area: 1.565.000 sq km
History of state: 800 years of Great Mongolian State
Population: 2.600.000
Capital: Ulaanbaatar
Exchange rate: US$1=1425 tugriks
GDP growth rate: 8.9% (2008 est.)
GDP per capita: US$ 1649 (2008 est.)
Mongolians are people with rich tradition of knowledge. When the Great Mongolian Empire was
established in the heart of Asia, Chinggis Khan stepped up the art of military by initiating a new
form of militaristic culture, brought together the best of the best minds from different lands and
founded an Empire that would cover half of the world, recognizing Mongolians to the world.
The Council of Chinggis Khan (Council of Scholars) was established to assemble the minds of
scholars on State affairs to form a “enlightened state tradition”. He also wrote a law titled “Ikh
Zasag” or “Great State” and formed the “Ikh Huraldai” or a modern Parliament to discuss
important issues.
Chinggis Khan also structured his soldiers and people assigning in groups of 10, 100, 1000,
10000 for better coordination and organization. This was a unique managerial structure.
Chinggis Khan’s sons, especially Khubilai, his grandson established the Mongolian Empire and
derived the very first academy in order to develop sciences such as, astrology, mathematics,
musicology and literature. Since that time, Mongolians endured various ups and downs. Yet,
Mongolians kept the tradition of recognizing knowledge and intellectual power and continued to
foresee intellectual life as a rich part of life. Institute of Science was established in 1921, since
Mongolia found its independence. Later on, State University of Mongolia and Academy of Sciences
were established in 1942 and 1961. These institutions became the hub of research science. Research
science continued to develop so that various institutions in charge or different sectors were
established. Some of these institutions include, institutes for the study of history, natural and social
In the 21st century, Mongolia has founded the system basics to develop
industrial scientific knowledge, transform acquired knowledge into new
technology, products and services.
The Government of Mongolia is putting great emphasis in the scientific
policy making by highlighting and storing National innovation system.
The Parliament of Mongolia adopted the Law on Science and Technology in
2006. In this law, “innovation” is described as “transformation of the results
and products of researchers and introducing the end product to industries
and services.
•Science is the conversion
of money into knowledge
•Innovation is the conversion
of knowledge into money
The state policy to store and develop national innovation system is to
form a triple helix between scientific , business and Government
organizations. In other words, research, business and policy are being
brought together to form a harmony.
The establishment of a triple helix, from one stand point, makes possible
for the State to become a subject of cooperation. From another point of
view, it makes possible for scientific organization and universities
mandatory to coordinate with the business sector and transform
knowledge and technology into a form of business. Additionally, it will
be necessary for the business sector to compete within, based on science
and technology.
All in all, science and technology is not just a knowledge producer and
riches of the society. It is also one of the basic foundations of
development of a State.
The Government of Mongolia, with an active support of UNESCO has
adopted the Master Plan of Science and Technology 2007-2020. The
plan is now used as the tool to develop Mongolia’s science and
technology sector.
(2007-2020)
1. The following directions:
Increasing funding sources to support the collaboration and
partnership between government-private- research
organizations
Science and technology policy needs to aim at establishing a
system with constant monitoring and evaluation to improve
Government investment efficiency in science and technology
sector
Developing alternate implementation programs with valid and
feasible science and technology policy priorities and objectives
To support the knowledge based innovation activities of the
national development strategies
3. Mission of the S&T
The mission of the science and technology of Mongolia is
to practice the effective management and finance systems
based on the social and market demands, ensure
ecological balance by supporting effective utilization of
sectoral resources by facilitating effective educationscience- industry collaboration, by gaining comparative
advantage through enhanced competitiveness of small
and
medium
enterprises
and
by
maintaining
environmental and ecological balance
2. Vision of the S&T
In the 21st century Mongolian science and
technology follows the primary principle to be a
nation developing science based on new
knowledge and advanced technology, to practice
the national innovation system as a driving force
for social and economic development for 2020,
and to ensure secure and quality living of the
people by creating and producing advanced
knowledge and by continuously supporting the
science
and
technology
progress
and
development.
4. Values of the S&T
• Improve the competitive nature of research works
based on market economy demand
• Establish a productive system of innovation
• Develop and improve the legal condition for research
production
• Reform the economy based on innovation
technology
• Improve and expand science and technology
international cooperation
(Five S&T Polisy Goals)
Improve the competitive
nature of research
works based on market
economy demand
Develop and
improve the
legal condition
for research
production
Establish a productive
system of innovation
Reform
the economy
based on
innovation
technology
Improve and
expand science
and technology
international
cooperation
Strategies of the innovation
To create economic
stimuli for the
collaboration of
science-industry
activities and joint
research work.
• Support and stimulate cofunding or research development
by public and private sectors,
strengthen
the
cooperation
between public and private
sectors in the field of science and
technology
• State
support
in
the
implementation of joint research
by firms and research institutions
in the framework of science and
technology priorities
• Coordinate closely the selection
of government funded research
themes with innovation activities
• Organize innovation activity as
a principal form of activity of
research
institute
and
universities
• State support in creating at
research
institutes
and
universities
the
units
for
technology transfer, incubator
center and high tech small and
medium enterprises
Implement a policy
supporting all types
of innovation
funding
Create and develop the
innovation
infrastructure
• Create a system of
continuous
funding
for
projects at all phases of
innovation
• Create a venture fund for
financing
• Establish
legal
environment for continuous
support for all phases of
innovation
activities
through financial policy
• Expand state support on
activities
of
start
up
innovation firms
• Improve
the
legal
environment on regulating
financial risks of innovation
• Develop cooperation of
parties involved in the
innovation system
• Create legal framework of
owning,
protecting,
transferring and using the
results of governmentfinanced
innovation
projects
• Develop
the
production
technological
infrastructure
(technology park, innovation
and
technology
center,
business incubator, technology
transfer center)
• Develop
the
forms
of
cooperation of parties involved
in the innovation system
• Adopt the law on legal status
of the elements of innovation
infrastructure that was created
with the participation of state
property
• Within the framework of
economic priority areas, create
and
develop
innovation
infrastructure based on large
regional industries
• Provide state support aiming
to
create
the
centers
responsible for conducting the
technological
research,
patenting, finding investors,
protecting the legal rights of
intellectual property.
Establishing a system that
prepares specialists and provides
information
and
consulting
service that are useful for
participants
in
innovation
activities
• Create a specialized National information
database
responsible
for
supporting
innovation activities in order to protect,
popularize and commercialize the results of
government financed innovation research
• Create (independent, or under a research
institute or university) centers of specialized
education and consulting services on
protection
of
intellectual
property,
standardization,
delivering
certificates,
conducting technological evaluations
• Establish in the name of innovation a
continued
multi-level
training
system,
introduce and diffuse the innovation culture
in science and production fields
• Prepare specialized human resources in
innovation activities, conduct specialized
training
• Provide colleges and universities that have
license to conduct training on innovation
policy and management- with skilled
instructors and professors, enhance the
learning environment
• Advertise by mass media the results and
achievement of successfully implemented
innovation activities, regularly, organizes the
innovation exhibition and trade fairs
Expected outcomes
• Establishment of an effective
national infrastructure, legal
environment and management
for innovation activities
• Development of market
relations in use of intellectual
resources, innovation assets,
innovation products and
services supporting innovation
• Creation of multiple forms of
funding
and
government
supports for innovation activities
• Creation
of
advanced
technology based innovation
clusters
as
the
result
of
enhanced
science-industry
collaboration.
Currently, knowledge based economy total (collected) index for
Mongolia is 4.23, which is 35.6 percent higher than it was 12 years
ago. In comparison to a study carried out by world bank, the
average index in South East Asia is 3.63, Uzbekistan 3.27, Vietnam
3.10, Kazakhstan 4.5 and PR of China 4.23.
An analysis based on the main aggregate result, in order to enforce
knowledge based economy it is important to pay closer attention
to innovation issues. For example,
1. Economic incentive and institutional regime rating is 4. 65
2. Educated, creative and skilled people rating is 6.67
3. Dynamic information infrastructure rating is 4.67
4. Mongolia’s innovation index, in that case rate is 0.159.
Creation of
knowledge
Establish of the
foundation
of innovation
Support of the
foundation of
innovation
Implementation
of innovation
Valley of destruction
Of R&D
Universities, Research centers
Business, Private sectors
Government
Croup of Experts of the
Science & Education
MAS
Croup of Experts of the
Technology
National Council for
S&T
FST
MESC
Ministries
MAIC& other
association
Fund of support of the innovation
Universities
ABD
Agency of
Technology
Institutes of
basic research
Corporation of
research & industry
Research
centers
Private sector: industrial company,
medium & small business
Incubation, technology
& business parks of the
universities RI
Technology transfer
centers, business
incubators
Non governmental, civil
organizations
AFI
a. Activities to be implemented within the framework of the
Chapter on building knowledge:
• Reform the coordination and financial mechanism of academic and
research organizations
•Make results of research profitable that it meets demand of the market
economy
• Narrow down the priority issues of science and technology by
prioritizing what is essential for own needs
• Support and provide bonuses to scholars and researchers by enabling
them to make profit from research work
• Improve the quality of education, reform the structure and support
professional and engineering professions.
• Improve the selection process of draft research proposals
b. Activities to be implemented within the framework of the
Chapter on developing the system of knowledge building
• Provide opportunities for research and development organizations to take loans (low
interest loans)
• Provide specific funds from state to selected research work proposals
• Improve the harmonization of research organizations and private businesses and enterprises
• Monitor to increase foreign investment
• Focus on introducing advanced technology and industry ethics, provide tax free work
opportunities to foreign experts
• Attract foreign research and development activities within borders (by freeing tax)
• Establish a foreign investment statistic, correlate the methodology of calculating foreign
investment with the methodology used by the International Monetary Fund
• Expedite transfer of technology
c. Activities to develop innovation production
• Follow through a policy that prioritizes the industries that are most in need to
develop national economy and support future development. Priority sectors that
include product and new technology development will need to take into consideration
other sectors, companies and industry sectors that will best support national
development.
• Give responsibility to the Government to harmonize the link between the orderer,
financer and sometimes buyer when supporting priority industries. This is especially
the case for basic and need based research works with high risks, improving the
opportunities for business innovation, acquiring information and knowledge about new
research and improving the cooperation between related subjects.
• Determine priority sectors of innovation development from the Government, develop
and implement innovation development programs, provide a coordinated and
economically attractive environment to fulfill the investment promises to implement
Government policy on innovation, finance specific goal determined activities from
national budget, and in some cases, involve Government to the industrial process of
competitive products.
2008
2009
2015
Gross domestic expenditure on research development as a percentage (%) of
GDP
0.637
0.742
1.523
Government expenditure on research development as a percentage (%) of
GDP
0.566
0.629
0.92
Non-governmental expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP
0.071
0.112
0.603
Number of total applications for patents to the Department for Intellectual
Property (per 10 000 population)
11.0
11.0
15.0
Innovation products as a percentage of total sales in the domestics market
6.0
8.0
30.0
Business Enterprises conducting technological innovation as a percentage
(%) of total organizations in the industry
10.25
10.5
20.0
Organizations conducting innovation activity as a percentage of total
organizations in the industry
12.0
15.0
30.0
Total research institutes with internet connections as a percentage of total
research institutes
90.0
95.0
100
Thank you
for your attention