Transcript Country Report

MONGOLIA
Country Report
By
Kadyei Zurash
Agricultural officer
Governor’s Administration Office of Songino Khairhan District
The Mongolia is the seventeenth largest country in the world by
its size of territory and located between Russia and China
Area: 1.560.500 sq.km
ADIMINASTRATION
•Population of 2.6 million people of
whom some are sedentary on city
dwellers and others are nomads.
Mongolia divided into 3 types of
administrative districts; 21 aimag
330 soum
1600 bagas
•Mongolia is young country with
80% of population is under the age
of 35
•Religions – Buddhist 90%, Muslim
and Other 10%
An Aimag is a self-dependant administrative
•Ethnic groups – Mongol 90%
and territorial division of MGL It has
around 80.0 sq.km in area, over 90.0 citizens Kazakh 4% Other 6%
and 1.5 million heads of animals
•Literacy of Mongolia 82.7%
People
Nationality: Mongolian(s).
Population (2007 est.): 2.63 million.
Annual growth rate (2007): 1.5%.
Health (2007): Infant mortality rate--43/1000 (under five
years).
Life expectancy—average 70 yrs.
About two-thirds of the total population is under age 40,
28.5% of whom are under 14.
Ethnic groups (2004): 85% Mongol, 7% Kazakh, 8% others,
including Chinese and Russian.
Languages: Mongolian, Kazakh, Russian, and English.
Religions: Tibetan Buddhist 94%, Muslim 7% and others
Education: 11Years compulsory (provided free by the
government).
Literacy--more than 90%.
MGL has a long history from ancient times
• First state was established about 2500 years ago
• Chinges khaan was formed his Empire in Mongolia 800
years ago
• Outer and earner Mongolia was a Chinese province
(1691-1911),
• In 1911 The Mongols accepted Russian aid and
proclaimed their independence of Chinese rule
• In 1921: Provisional People's Government declares
independence of Mongolia and developed under socialist
rule from 1921-1990
• In 1990 democratic reform begun
• Mongolia became a full member of the United Nations in
1960
Capital of Mongolia-Ulaanbaatar
Mongolia is a remote country with limited transport and energy infrastructure, a
small domestic market, harsh climate, nomadic livestock and low population
density.
High dependency on livestock, which is the main base of the economy,
highlights the volatility and risks from nature and weather, that so influences
the Mongolian economy.
Mongolia has a different a unique
places
GER –Traditional house
Husbandry is most important sector
• Mongolia is one of few nations keeping
nomadic animal husbandry.
• Pastureland is central for livestock breeding.
• Agricultural production accounts for 30% of
the Gross Domestic Production and livestock
sector produces 80% of the total agricultural
production.
NATURAL RESOURCES :
Oil, coal, copper,
molybdenum,
tungsten,
phosphates,tin,
nickel,
zinc,wolfram ,
fluorspar
EXPORT :
Copper,
livestock, animal
products,
cashmere,wool,
hides, fluorspar,
other nonferrous
metals.
IMPORT :
Machinery and
equipment, fuels,
food products,
industrial
consumer good,
chemicals,
building
materials.
Poverty of Mongolia
Poverty has been a direct
consequence of the transition
to a market economy in the
1990s, after the breakup of the
Soviet Union and the collapse
of Mongolia's centrally planned
economy. unemployment
increased, price inflation
soared and social spending fell.
Who are Mongolia's rural poor people?
• unemployed people
• women who are heads of households
• members of households with more than
four children
• families of small herders
• people without basic education
• vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and
disabled people, and orphaned children
IFAD – NGOs in Mongolia
Since 1996 the International Fund for Agricultural
Development (IFAD) approved a first loan of
US$3.5 million to the Mongolian Government to finance
the Arhangai and Huvsgul Rural Poverty Alleviation
Project (AHRPAP).
IFAD supports a second project in Mongolia, the Rural
Poverty Reduction Program, with a loan of more than
US$11.0 million. Projects have introduced an innovative
restocking scheme that helps herders rebuild their herds
with credit in kind. Credit is also provided for vegetable
production and activities that generate income for nonherder families.
Rural Poverty Alleviation Project
The Project had four components :
• Livestock distribution
• Vegetable production
• Project implementation and institutional
support
• Technical assistance (TA), studies and training