Transcript Actual issues of science, technology and innovation in Mongolia

By Academican Batbold Enkhtuvshin
(Vice-President of MAS, Director of the IISNC)
Phone: 00976-11-327827, Mobile: 00976-99119024,
Fax:00976-11-329624
www.nomadic.mn, E-Mail: [email protected]
-
Briefly history of STI of Mongolia
STI policy of Mongolian Government
Funtamental consept of STI
Building an advanced National Innovation
System (NIS)
- Refrences
Mongolians are people with rich tradition of knowledge. When the Great Mongolian Empire was
established in the heart of Asia, Chinggis Khan stepped up the art of military by initiating a new
form of militaristic culture, brought together the best of the best minds from different lands and
founded an Empire that would cover half of the world, recognizing Mongolians to the world.
The Council of Chinggis Khan (Council of Scholars) was established to assemble the minds of
scholars on State affairs to form a “enlightened state tradition”. He also wrote a law titled “Ikh
Zasag” or “Great State” and formed the “Ikh Huraldai” or a modern Parliament to discuss
important issues.
Chinggis Khan also structured his soldiers and people assigning in groups of 10, 100, 1000,
10000 for better coordination and organization. This was a unique managerial structure.
Chinggis Khan’s sons, especially Khubilai, his grandson established the Mongolian
Empire and derived the very first academy in order to develop sciences such as,
astrology, mathematics, musicology and literature. Since that time, Mongolians
endured various ups and downs. Yet, Mongolians kept the tradition of recognizing
knowledge and intellectual power and continued to foresee intellectual life as a rich
part of life.
Institute of Science was established in 1921, since Mongolia found its
independence. Later on, State University of Mongolia and Academy of Sciences
were established in 1942 and 1961. These institutions became the hub of research
science. Research science continued to develop so that various institutions in
charge or different sectors were established. Some of these institutions include,
institutes for the study of history, natural and social sciences. Moreover, these
Financial Resources for Science of
Mongolia (financial year 2007)
Total (in million tugrik) – 10410.0
Of which:
State Budget – 8218.4 (79.0 %)
Other Resources – 2191.6 (21.0 %)
Categories
1. Full time Research Staff
Of which
by fields of
science:
2007 year
1577
Natural Science
626
Engineering Science and Technology
207
Agriculture
275
Medicine
164
Social Science and Humanitarian
305
2. Of Total Full time Research Staff:
- Doctor of Science
103
- Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
358
- Master
568
- Other
548
3. Age of researchers:
- to 30 years old
538 (34.1%)
- to 31-40 years old
336 (21.3%)
- to 41-50 years old
328 (20.8%)
- - > 51 years old
375 (23.8%)
Outputs of Research Works, Experiments and
Inventions (by types)
Categories
2003 year
2007 year
1254
767
Technology
126
73
Actual products and product models
229
73
Standards
120
148
Other
779
473
5567
7103
3. Patents
55
51
4. Effective model certificates
57
73
5. Copyrights certificates
63
14
1. Outputs delivered to customers and orderers
Of which:
2. Published materials
In the 21st century, Mongolia has founded the system basics to develop
industrial scientific knowledge, transform acquired knowledge into new
technology, products and services.
The Government of Mongolia is putting great emphasis in the scientific
policy making by highlighting and storing National innovation system.
The Parliament of Mongolia adopted the Law on Science and Technology in
2006. In this law, “innovation” is described as “transformation of the results
and products of researchers and introducing the end product to industries
and services.
The state policy to store and develop national innovation system is
to form a triple helix between scientific , business and Government
organizations. In other words, research, business and policy are
being brought together to form a harmony.
The establishment of a triple helix, from one stand point, makes
possible for the State to become a subject of cooperation. From
another point of view, it makes possible for scientific organization
and universities mandatory to coordinate with the business sector
and transform knowledge and technology into a form of business.
Additionally, it will be necessary for the business sector to compete
within, based on science and technology.
All in all, science and technology is not just a knowledge producer
and riches of the society. It is also one of the basic foundations of
development of a State.
The Government of Mongolia, with an active support of UNESCO has
adopted the Master Plan of Science and Technology 2007-2020. The
plan is now used as the tool to develop Mongolia’s science and
technology sector.
(2007-2020)
1. The following directions:
Increasing funding sources to support the collaboration and
partnership between government-private- research
organizations
Science and technology policy needs to aim at establishing a
system with constant monitoring and evaluation to improve
Government investment efficiency in science and technology
sector
Developing alternate implementation programs with valid and
feasible science and technology policy priorities and objectives
To support the knowledge based innovation activities of the
national development strategies
3. Mission of the S&T
The mission of the science and technology of Mongolia is
to practice the effective management and finance systems
based on the social and market demands, ensure
ecological balance by supporting effective utilization of
sectoral resources by facilitating effective educationscience- industry collaboration, by gaining comparative
advantage through enhanced competitiveness of small
and
medium
enterprises
and
by
maintaining
environmental and ecological balance
2. Vision of the S&T
In the 21st century Mongolian science and
technology follows the primary principle to be a
nation developing science based on new
knowledge and advanced technology, to practice
the national innovation system as a driving force
for social and economic development for 2020,
and to ensure secure and quality living of the
people by creating and producing advanced
knowledge and by continuously supporting the
science
and
technology
progress
and
development.
4. Values of the S&T
• Improve the competitive nature of research works
based on market economy demand
• Establish a productive system of innovation
• Develop and improve the legal condition for research
production
• Reform the economy based on innovation
technology
• Improve and expand science and technology
international cooperation
(Five S&T Polisy Goals)
Improve the competitive
nature of research
works based on market
economy demand
Develop and
improve the
legal condition
for research
production
Establish a productive
system of innovation
Reform
the economy
based on
innovation
technology
Improve and
expand science
and technology
international
cooperation
Strategy 1. To create economic stimuli for the collaboration of scienceindustry activities and joint research work.
• Support and stimulate co-funding or research development by public and private sectors, strengthen
the cooperation between public and private sectors in the field of science and technology
• State support in the implementation of joint research by firms and research institutions in the
framework of science and technology priorities
• Coordinate closely the selection of government funded research themes with innovation activities
• Organize innovation activity as a principal form of activity of research institute and universities
• State support in creating at research institutes and universities the units for technology transfer,
incubator center and high tech small and medium enterprises
Strategy 2. Implement a policy supporting all types of innovation funding
• Create a system of continuous funding for projects at all phases of innovation
• Create a venture fund for financing
• Establish legal environment for continuous support for all phases of innovation activities through
financial policy
• Expand state support on activities of start up innovation firms
• Improve the legal environment on regulating financial risks of innovation
• Develop cooperation of parties involved in the innovation system
• Create legal framework of owning, protecting, transferring and using the results of governmentfinanced innovation projects
Strategy 3. Create and develop the innovation infrastructure
• Develop the production technological infrastructure (technology park, innovation and technology
center, business incubator, technology transfer center)
• Develop the forms of cooperation of parties involved in the innovation system
• Adopt the law on legal status of the elements of innovation infrastructure that was created with the
participation of state property
• Within the framework of economic priority areas, create and develop innovation infrastructure based
on large regional industries
• Provide state support aiming to create the centers responsible for conducting the technological
research, patenting, finding investors, protecting the legal rights of intellectual property.
Strategy 4. Establishing a system that prepares specialists and provides
information and consulting service that are useful for participants in
innovation activities
• Create a specialized National information database responsible for supporting innovation activities in
order to protect, popularize and commercialize the results of government financed innovation research
• Create (independent, or under a research institute or university) centers of specialized education
and consulting services on protection of intellectual property, standardization, delivering certificates,
conducting technological evaluations
• Establish in the name of innovation a continued multi-level training system, introduce and diffuse
the innovation culture in science and production fields
• Prepare specialized human resources in innovation activities, conduct specialized training
• Provide colleges and universities that have license to conduct training on innovation policy and
management- with skilled instructors and professors, enhance the learning environment
• Advertise by mass media the results and achievement of successfully implemented innovation
activities, regularly, organizes the innovation exhibition and trade fairs
Expected outcomes
• Establishment of an effective
national infrastructure, legal
environment and management
for innovation activities
• Development of market
relations in use of intellectual
resources, innovation assets,
innovation products and
services supporting innovation
• Creation of multiple forms of
funding
and
government
supports for innovation activities
• Creation
of
advanced
technology based innovation
clusters
as
the
result
of
enhanced
science-industry
collaboration.
Currently, knowledge based economy total (collected) index for
Mongolia is 4.23, which is 35.6 percent higher than it was 12 years
ago. In comparison to a study carried out by world bank, the
average index in South East Asia is 3.63, Uzbekistan 3.27, Vietnam
3.10, Kazakhstan 4.5 and PR of China 4.23.
An analysis based on the main aggregate result, in order to enforce
knowledge based economy it is important to pay closer attention
to innovation issues. For example,
1. Economic incentive and institutional regime rating is 4. 65
2. Educated, creative and skilled people rating is 6.67
3. Dynamic information infrastructure rating is 4.67
4. Mongolia’s innovation index, in that case rate is 0.159.
Creation of
knowledge
Establish of the
foundation
of innovation
Support of the
foundation of
innovation
Implementation
of innovation
Valley of destruction
Of R&D
Universities, Research centers
Business, Private sectors
Government
Croup of Experts of the
Science & Education
MAS
Croup of Experts of the
Technology
National Council for
S&T
FST
MESC
Ministries
MAIC& other
association
Fund of support of the innovation
Universities
ABD
Agency of
Technology
Institutes of
basic research
Corporation of
research & industry
Research
centers
Private sector: industrial company,
medium & small business
Incubation, technology
& business parks of the
universities RI
Technology transfer
centers, business
incubators
Non governmental, civil
organizations
AFI
a. Activities to be implemented within the framework of the
Chapter on building knowledge:
• Reform the coordination and financial mechanism of academic and
research organizations
•Make results of research profitable that it meets demand of the market
economy
• Narrow down the priority issues of science and technology by
prioritizing what is essential for own needs
• Support and provide bonuses to scholars and researchers by enabling
them to make profit from research work
• Improve the quality of education, reform the structure and support
professional and engineering professions.
• Improve the selection process of draft research proposals
b. Activities to be implemented within the framework of the
Chapter on developing the system of knowledge building
• Provide opportunities for research and development organizations to take loans (low
interest loans)
• Provide specific funds from state to selected research work proposals
• Improve the harmonization of research organizations and private businesses and enterprises
• Monitor to increase foreign investment
• Focus on introducing advanced technology and industry ethics, provide tax free work
opportunities to foreign experts
• Attract foreign research and development activities within borders (by freeing tax)
• Establish a foreign investment statistic, correlate the methodology of calculating foreign
investment with the methodology used by the International Monetary Fund
• Expedite transfer of technology
c. Activities to develop innovation production
• Follow through a policy that prioritizes the industries that are most in need to
develop national economy and support future development. Priority sectors that
include product and new technology development will need to take into consideration
other sectors, companies and industry sectors that will best support national
development.
• Give responsibility to the Government to harmonize the link between the orderer,
financer and sometimes buyer when supporting priority industries. This is especially
the case for basic and need based research works with high risks, improving the
opportunities for business innovation, acquiring information and knowledge about new
research and improving the cooperation between related subjects.
• Determine priority sectors of innovation development from the Government, develop
and implement innovation development programs, provide a coordinated and
economically attractive environment to fulfill the investment promises to implement
Government policy on innovation, finance specific goal determined activities from
national budget, and in some cases, involve Government to the industrial process of
competitive products.
2008
2009
2015
Gross domestic expenditure on research development as a percentage
(%) of GDP
0.637
0.742
1.523
Government expenditure on research development as a percentage (%)
of GDP
0.566
0.629
0.92
Non-governmental expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP
0.071
0.112
0.603
Number of total applications for patents to the Department for
Intellectual Property (per 10 000 population)
11.0
11.0
15.0
Innovation products as a percentage of total sales in the domestics
market
6.0
8.0
30.0
Business Enterprises conducting technological innovation as a
percentage (%) of total organizations in the industry
10.25
10.5
20.0
Organizations conducting innovation activity as a percentage of total
organizations in the industry
12.0
15.0
30.0
Total research institutes with internet connections as a percentage of
total research institutes
90.0
95.0
100
Thank you
for your attention