Transcript Class 15
Chapter 6 Nomenclature Alkane Alkene Phenyl Carboxylic Acid Alcohol Alkyne Ether Cycloalkane Amine Halide Thioether Thiol Alcohol Nomenclature 2-pentanol hydroxyl group 1) Find the longest carbon chain containing the alcohol 2) Start numbering from the end closest to the alcohol 3) Finish with -ol as the suffix (takes priority over -ene & -yne) Alcohol Nomenclature 1,2-ethanediol 1,2,3-propanetriol ethylene glycol glycerine Amine Nomenclature methylpropyl amine 1) Name all of the substituents coming off the nitrgoen (ignore hydrogens) 2) Place them in alphabetical order add a space then amine Best way to name amines until the structures become too complicated Alternative Amine Nomenclature 2-pentanamine amino group 1) Find the longest carbon chain containing the amine 2) Start numbering from the end closest to the amine 3) Finish with -amine as the suffix (does NOT take priority over -ol, -ene, or -yne) Amine Nomenclature Figure 6.29 primary amine secondary amine tertiary amine ammonium ion Top 3 Selling Drugs in the US Plavix Lipitor Advair (Salmeterol) Ether Nomenclature methylpropyl ether 1) Name both substituents coming off the oxygen 2) Place them in alphabetical order add a space then ether methoxy group ethoxy group propoxy group Thiol Nomenclature 2-pentanethiol mercapto group 1) Find the longest carbon chain containing the thiol 2) Start numbering from the end closest to the thiol 3) Name normally then add thiol to the end disulfide Thioether Nomenclature methylpropyl sulfide 1) Name both substituents coming off the sulfur 2) Place them in alphabetical order add a space then sulfide Solvents in Organic Chemistry Adapted from: Lowry, T. H.; Richardson, K. S. Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed.; New York: Harper & Row, 1987. Solvation Acid-Base Properties of Alcohols pKa pKa R=H -1.74 15.7 R = CH3 -2.2 15.5 R = CH2CH3 -1.9 15.9 R = C(CH3)3 -2.6 17 Acid-Base Properties of Amines Amine pKa 9.24 10.63 10.78 9.80 Activation of Alkyl Halides Nitrogen Inversion Nitrogen Inversion