Transcript Forty5
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Why would someone be called a “wire mother?” Most children complete the sensorimotor stage by age __. Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development followed Piaget’s principles (T or F). A simple way to increase lifespan among nursing home residents is to ______________. ___________ coined the term “adolescence.” Mary Calkins got a personal tutorial in Principles of Psychology with ____________ . Harry Harlow (1905-1981) • U. Wisconsin, Madison – His rat lab wasn’t ready so he went to the zoo • Few doubted that early experience influenced adult behavior Prevailing View Hey, mom! If you don’t breast feed him, he’ll resent you for life. He will grow to love you because you were once his primary source of FOOD. The Nature of Love (1958) • Implications – Adoption – The Father’s Role – Child Abuse – Adult behavior Jean Piaget (1896-1980) Father of developmental cognitive psychology – Trained as a Biologist – Spoke English and Hired by Alfred Binet Lab in Paris to translate intelligence tests – Young children got many questions wrong – no surprise, but those in certain age groups made similar mistakes! Jean Piaget (1896-1980) • We don’t simply accumulate knowledge as we age, we actually think differently at different ages • Object Permanence: – “The construction of reality in the child.” – Piaget considered the acquisition of object permanence to represent the birth of true thought. – Relate to Tolman study. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) • Review: Stages of Cognitive Development – Sensorimotor – Preoperational – Concrete Operations – Formal Operations The Construction of Reality in the Child (1954) • Subcategories of Sensorimotor Stage – Stage 1 (0-1mo): Simple Reflexes – Stage 2 (1-4 mo): Passive expectation – Stage 3 (4-10 mo): Reconstruction of totality – Stage 4 (10 - – Stage 5 (12-18 mo): Visible Displacements mastered, but not Invisible Displacements. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) • Criticisms – Are the stages discrete? – Is the “coverlet method” valid? – Physiological evidence about “what” and “where” pathways Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) • Harvard Center for Moral Ed. Followed Piaget’s concept of cognitive progression – Morality evolves with acquired intellectual skills – Moral stages are acquired in sequence Lawrence Kohlberg (1963) • Method – Present people with moral dilemmas and ask them to propose a solution – The decision is not important, but the reasoning behind the decision is! Stages of Moral Development • Preconventional (4-10) – punishment-obedience orientation (avoid pain) – personal reward orientation (please yourself) • Conventional (10-13) – good boy-nice girl orientation (please others) – law and order orientation (follow the rules) • Postconventional (14? – social contract orientation (rules are bent for the sake of society’s larger values) – universal ethical principle orientation (some things transcend society) Lawrence Kohlberg (1963) • Criticism – Talk is cheap! – Carol Gilligan: Care orientation vs. Justice Orientation Langer and Rodin (1976) • Ellen J. Langer – Harvard Dept. of Psychology – Mindfulness Theory • The Effects of Choice…(1976)