Transcript Children
LIS 2322 Resources for Children Module 2: Part 3 – What is Childhood? Cognitive Socioemotional Physical Child Development Socioemotional Development • Changes in relationships, emotions, values and personality • Examples of socioemotional processes: – An infant’s smile in response to a mother’s touch – A child’s attachment to a stuffed animal – A child’s aggressive attack on a playmate – A child’s development of assertiveness – Caring about a friend who is sad – A child’s pride when he or she wins an award at school – Feeling that it is wrong to steal – Plagiarizing information from the Web Socioemotional Development • Infants and Toddlers: – 4 to 8 months: Development of a focused attachment to a primary caregiver. Separation can cause anxiety. – 8 to 12 months: Increase mobility but continues to fear strangers. Still very possessive of caregiver. Beginnings of stranger anxiety. – 12 to 18 months: Push for independence can lead to tantrums. Dislikes interference so better to create situations where interference will not be necessary. – 18 to 24 months: Develops a strong attachment to a favorite toy or blanket. Development of concept of self versus rest of world. Begins to use words like I, mine, me, you. Growth of social relationships. Can begin to participate in group activities, although child is still egocentric. Socioemotional Development • Early Childhood: – Play: • Social play increases dramatically. • Pretend play is at its peak. • Crucial for “practicing” real life. – Recommended reading: Stoltz, D., Conner, M. & Bradberry, J. (2015). The Power of Play: Designing Early Learning Spaces. Chicago, IL: ALA. – Moral development: • Learning how to distinguish right from wrong. First stages of moral development. • Pre-conventional stage of moral development (Kolberg, 1976). Justice and rules are seen in black and white terms. Principle driver = avoidance of punishment. That’s not fair! Socioemotional Development • Middle/Late Childhood: – Self-understanding: • Shifts from defining oneself by outside characteristics (I have brown hair) to internal characteristics (I am funny) – Increased autonomy: • Although parents continue to be the most important socializing agent in child’s life, children begin to spend less time with parents and more time with peers. • Unattended children: “Latchkey children”, the “three to six problem” – Moral development: • Transition stage: Piaget and Kohlberg. Shift from black and white version of morality (Piaget) or from a reward/punishment perspective to one based on community norms (Kohlberg). • Children become more altruistic. Care for pets is an important part of their lives. Implications of child development on library services for youth • • • • Collection development? Organization and access? Program planning? Design and layout of facilities? • Policies and procedures? • Staffing? Thank you Have a good week! Sources • Caulfield, R. A. (2001). Infants and toddlers. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. • Charlesworth, R. (2004). Understanding child development (6th ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning. • Chelton, M. K. & Cool, C. (2004). Youth information-seeking behavior: Theories, models, and issues. Toronto: Scarecrow Press. • Puckett, M.B., & Black, J.K. (2005). The young child: Development from prebirth through age eight (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. • Santrock, J. W. (1997). Children (5th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill. • Shaffer, D., Wood, E, & Willoughby, T. (2002). Developmental pyschology: Childhood and adolescence (First Canadian edition). Scarboro, Ont: Thomson Nelson. • Wood, D. How children think and learn: The social contexts of cognitive development. (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.