Transcript Answers for Lab Practice Question 01 - Chemistry-i

SI Session
(With Answers)
Lab Practice
Scientific method
Microscope
Phylogeny
Cyanobacteria
Fungi
Heterotrophic Protists
Spring 2010
For Dr. Hughey’s Bio 3 Class
Picture from http://es.toonpool.com/cartoons/MICROSCOPE%20LOOKING_27378
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1. Define the scientific method.
• A procedure used to solve problems or answer questions.
• A way of thinking and looking at the world.
• A technique used to gather information and reach conclusions.
2. List the main steps to the scientific method.
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Then revise the hypothesis
Conclusion
If the results do not
support hypothesis
3. What is the difference between a null and alternative hypothesis?
Null hypothesis - a concept which arises in the context of statistical hypothesis
testing. The null hypothesis set out for a particular significance test always occurs
in conjunction with an alternative hypothesis.
Alternative hypothesis - the possibility that an observed effect is genuine and the
null hypothesis is the rival possibility that it has resulted from chance.
--From Wikipedia
Reference: Dr. Hughey’s Bio30 class slide
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4. Based on what you see in front of you, write a hypothesis. How would
you test your hypothesis? In your test, what are your independent and
dependent variables, and your controls?
Hypothesis – Plants grow faster when illuminated with 500 nm light than with
How test –
660 nm light.
30 lights with different wave length
Independent – Wave length of each light
Dependent – The length of plants at limited time(e.g. 1 month)
Control – Same temperature, same species, same pot, same amount of water,
same soil…
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5. You go to field trip to hunt mushroom for Bio3
Botany class at Rip Van Winkle Open Space Park
Pacific Grove,CA. You find a beautiful fungus. How
do you identify the fungus? List at least 4 ways.
____________________________________
1) Ask Botanist
2) Find botany book and compare the picture
_________________________________________
3) Use dichotomous key
_________________________________________
4) DNA analysis
_________________________________________
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A
B
C
D
6. In the a dichotomous key, Fill in the blank.
1. Leaves flat ---------------------------------- 2
1. Leaves needle-like or scale-like ------ 3
2. Outline of leaf oval-shaped ...........____
C
2. Outline of blade star-shaped .........____
B
3. Length of leaf more than 1cm long ---------- 4
D
3. Length of leaf less than 0.5 cm long ---------- _____
E
4. Blades arranged in cluster ------------------------ _____
4. Blades scattered or alternated--------------------_____
A
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E
7. Using the specimens in front of you, write a dichotomous key.
A
B
C
D
1. Leaves broad .………………………..2
1. Leaves needle-like or scale-like ……..3
2. Outline of blade serrate ............ 4
2. Outline of blade round …........ B
3. Scale-like leaves, less than 0.5 cm long ............ C
3. Needle-like leaves, more than 3 cm long .…........ E
4. Arrangement of leaves opposite ............ D
4. Arrangement of leaves whirl
.…........ A
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E
8. Name the following microscopes.
9. Define the following terms.
a) Parfocal – stay in focus when magnification is changed
b) Maginification - the number of times an image is enlarged.
c) Resolution – a measurement of clarity, the smallest distance between two
points on a specimen that can still be distinguished.
d) Field of view - the diameter of the circle of view you can see when looking
down a microscope
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10. What are the names of these parts? Write each function.
A
Ocular(eye pieces): the part to view the species; Magnify
(usually 10X ).
B (Objectives): Magnification
C Coarse adjustment knob: Focus
DFine adjustment knob: Focus
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11. Total magnification on the slide in view?
40
X
100X
100X
10
X
12. Total magnification on the slide in view?
10
X
400X
100X
40
X
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13. Calculate the diameter of field of view and the length of cell.
10X
40X
Diameter?
Diameter?
1.4mm
0.35mm
100X
40X
Diameter?
0.14mm
Cell length? 0.0875mm
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14. Calculate the diameter of field of view and the length of cell.
10X
40X
Diameter?
Diameter?
100X
100X
Diameter?
Cell length?
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15. Construct a cladogram based on the data provided below.sCalculate the
diameter of field of view and the length of cell.
*Please, replace “present” with “1” and “absent” with “0.”
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Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Fruit
Flowers
Pteridophyte
Bryophyte
Green Algae
Seeds
Secondary growth
Pollen
Independent gametophyte and
Sporophyte absent
Nonmotile sperm
Independent gametophyte and Sporophyte
Vascular tissue
Branching sporophyte
Sporophyte Dorminant?
Cuticle
Terrestrial
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A:
B:
C:
D:
Cap(pileus)
Gill
Ring
Stalk,Stipe
E: Spores
F: Volva
G: Hypa(e)
H: Mycelium
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17. What is “conidial fungi”? Give two examples.
Ascomycota fungi with asexual reproductive system that is by the formation of
conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks called conidiophores.
Penicillum, Aspergillus
18. What is “fruit or fruiting body” in the fungi?
Spore bearing structure
19. We often see the bread mold.
A
A: ______________
Spores
B: ______________
Sporangia
Sporangiophore
C: ______________
Rhizoids
D: ______________
What happens in the structure of B?
Produce spores
B
What is the function of the structure D?
C
Support and absorption
D
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Basidiomycota
Phylum ______________
Coprinus
Genus ______________
Sexual? Asexual?
Basidium- A small, specialized club-shaped
structure typically bearing four basidiospores at
the tips of minute projections.
Basidiospores
_______________
Gill
__________
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Basidium
__________
Basidiospores
_______________
21. Phylum ____________
Ascomycota
What is the name of the sac-like
structure in view? Asci
What are inside? Ascospores
Is this structure for asexual or sexual
reproduction? sexual
22. Phylum ____________
Ascomycota
What is the name of the structure?
Conidia
What happens in these structure in view?
Produce conidiospores (asexual)
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C
A
D
B
23. What is the common name of the photosynthetic organism in front of you?
Lichen
How many of organisms are there in each specimen? What are they?
Two; Algae + fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota)
What type of relationship are there (e.g parasitic, symbiosis, friendship,
enemies,….etc)? Symbiosis (mutualism)
What types of growth form are in A, B, & C?
A:_____________
Fruticose
B:_____________
Crustose
C:_____________
Fruticose
D:_____________
Foliose
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24. You are looking at lichen. What is the name of layer
in the black or purple dot?
Algal layer
25. The left side is come from roots of a plant. What is
the things penetrating the root? Fungi
What is the relationship presented?
Symbiosis (mutualism)
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26. The left sides are come from roots of a plant.
What is the relationship presented? Explain in detail
(e.g. things that they give and take each other.)
Give the name in each slide.
The plant provides fungi with nutrient(carbohydrates).
A The fungi help the plant to obtain nitrogen and protect the
plant from pathogen.
Endomycorrhiza
A:_________________
Ectomycorrhiza
B:_________________
What is the difference between A and B?
B A - Fungal hyphae penetrate the plant cell wall in root.
B – Fungi wrap outside root.
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Euglenophyta
Phylum ______________
Euglena.
Genus ______________
Motile? Nonmotile?
How do you know?
Euglenoids have flagella for
movement.
How many of flagella does it have?
What is each function?
Two unequal flagella
locomotion; unemergent(?)
What is the arrow pointing? Function?
Stigma(Eyespot)
Light-sensing sytem
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Protist
28. Kingdom _____________
Phylum ______________
Oomycota
Genus ______________
Saprolegnia
Label
A(B):____________________
Antheridium
C:____________________
Oogonium
D:____________________
Egg
E: oogonial stalk
F:_______________________
Oospore(after fertilization) or Zygote
G:_______________________
Hypae (collectively mycelium)
F
Sexual or Asexual?
Sexual
G
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29. The slides and picture are shown sexual
reproduction system. How do they fertilize to make
zygotes?
Sperm migrate toward the egg cell through a
fertilization tube sperm fertilization tube.
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30. Phylum ______________
Cyanophyta
Genus ______________
Nostoc
Cyanophyta
31. Phylum ______________
Anabaena
Genus ______________
Label and function
A: ____________________
Heterocyst- Nitrogen fixation
B: ____________________
Akinete-Resting spores: Cells that
are resistant to unfavorable
conditions.
A
B
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Phylum ___________
Ascomycota
Morchella
Genus ____________
Phylum Basidiomycota
___________
Amanita
Genus ____________
Phylum ____________
Basidiomycota
Agaricus
Genus ____________
Phylum Chytridiomycota
____________
Allomyces
Genus ____________
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Phylum ______________
Ascomycota
Penicillum
Genus ______________
Sexual? Asexual?
Phylum ______________
Ascomycota
Aspergillus
Genus ______________
Sexual? Asexual?
conidial fungi
Both are _______________.
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38. Phylum Cyanophyta
______________
Oscillatoria
Genus ______________
Zygomycota
39. Phylum ______________
Rhizopus
Genus ______________
Label and what happens in these
structure?
A:_______________
Zygosporangium
B:_______________
Gametangia
A
B
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40. Phylum ______________
Oomycota
Genus ______________
Saprolegnia
41. Phylum ______________
Euglenophyta
Euglena.
Genus ______________
42. Phylum ______________
Dinophyta
Genus ______________
Ceratium
43. Phylum ______________
Dictyosteliomycota
Genus ______________
Dictyostelium.
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44. Phylum ______________
Dinophyta
Noctiluca
Genus ______________
46. Phylum ______________
Dinophyta
Peridium
Genus ______________
Myxomycota
45. Phylum ______________
Dictydium
Genus ______________
47. Phylum ______________
Myxomycota
Genus ______________
Fuligo
*dog vomit, Slim mold
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