Transcript Weeping Willow in the Fog

Introduction to
Plants…..
Biology I Review:
• What is botany?
– The study of plants
• What is the general traits of the Plant kingdom:
– Eukaryotic
• Cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
– Autotrophic
• Makes its own food through the process of
– photosynthesis
– Multicellular
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Overall structure of a plant cell:
• A: Vacuole
– Storage area for water and
sugar
• B: Cell wall
– Provide shape and support
• D: Nucleus
– Contains DNA
• E: Mitochondria
– Breaks sugar down into energy
• F:Chloroplast
– Site of photosynthesis
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Importance of plants:
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Major role in our water cycle
Uses up CO2 and produces O2
Used as our primary food source
Source of medicine
– Yams produce cortisone that treat inflamation
• Source of fabric
– Cotton, linen (flax), hemp
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• Basis of fossil fuels
– coal, oil and natural gas
• Stored photosynthetic energy from millions of years
ago
• Used for housing and shelters
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Plant Kingdom shows much biodiversity
• Plant Kingdom is made up of 12 phyla and
includes over 270,000 different species
• 500 million years ago plants were only in the
water
• Land plants appeared 430 million years ago
– What changed to move plants from water to
land?
– Development of the ozone layer
» Protected plants from the sun’s harmful UV
rays
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What adaptations were needed to allow a
plant to move from a water to a land
environment?
• 1. Development of a cuticle
– Waxy, protective covering that prevents water
loss
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• 2. Development of stomata
– Small openings on the surface that allows O2
and CO2 to move in and out of plant
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• Must reproduce with spores or seeds
– These structures prevent water loss, provide
protection and nourish embryo
• Sounds like what structure we already learned about
in the animal kingdom?
-the egg
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• Had to have the formation of vascular tissue
– A type of tissue that provides support, transports
water and dissolved substances from one part of
the plant to another
• 1. Xylem:
-carries water and inorganic nutrients from
roots to stems and leaves
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• 2. Phloem
– Carries organic food molecules (sugars) and
water in any direction depending on a plants
needs
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Plant Classification:
• Plants are divided into 2 main groups:
– 1. Vascular:
• Has vascular tissues, roots, stems and leaves
• Examples:
– Ferns, flowering plants and conifers
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• 2. Nonvascular:
-has no vascular tissue
-No true roots, stems or leaves
-Examples:
-mosses and liverworts
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Vascular: further divided into two groups
• Seedless plants
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Seeded plants
FERNS
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
reproduce with spores
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Gynmosperms:
• -include pines, evergreens and ginkgoes
– Seeds are not encased in a fruit
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Angiosperms:
• -Flowering plants
– Seeds are produced within a flower and housed
in some type of protective fruit
Examples: Apples, cherries,
grass
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Angiosperms are further divided into:
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Monocotyledons
(monocots)
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Dicotyledons
(dicots)
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What is a cotyledon?
-first leaf of embryo
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