Transcript Presentation

COLD WAR
CONFLICTS
What is the Cold War?
• A conflict between the United States and
the Soviet Union in which neither nation
directly confronted the other on the
battlefield.
• Dominated global affairs and foreign policy
from the end of WWII in 1945 until the
breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991.
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Post World War II
• The United States and the Soviet Union
emerged as two “superpowers”
• The U.S. and S.U. had vastly different
economic and political systems.
• The two countries had vastly different
visions of the world’s future.
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Postwar Germany
• The U.S., British, French and Soviet Union
decided to split Germany up into four
zones temporarily following World War II.
• Churchill and Roosevelt assumed that in
time, the four zones would come together
in a reunited Germany.
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Berlin
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Soviet Union
• Joseph Stalin
• Communism
• State controls all
property and
economic activity
• Totalitarian
Government- no
opposing parties
allowed.
United States
•Harry S. Truman
•Capitalism
•Private citizens
control property and
economic activity.
•People vote to elect a
President and
Congress. Political
competition.
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What the Soviet
Union Wants
What the United
States Wants
• Encourage
•Self-Determination for
Communism in other
all nations
countries.
•Gain access to raw
• Rebuild its’ economy
materials and markets
using Eastern
for its products
Europe’s equipment
and raw materials
•Rebuild European
governments to ensure
• Control Eastern
stability and give us a
Europe
market to sell goods
• Keep Germany weak
and divided so it will
•Reunite Germany
never threaten the
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S.U. again
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Tension Mounts
• Stalin refuses to allow free elections in
Poland
• Stalin establishes “satellite nations” in
Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Romania and Poland.
– Dominated by the Soviet Union
• 1946-Stalin makes a speech where he
says that capitalism and communism
cannot coexist…a war will have to settle
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U.S. Policy: Containment
• Containment is taking measures to
prevent any extension of communist rule
to other countries.
• Europe is now divided into two political
regions
– Western Europe: Democratic
– Eastern Europe: Communist
• Winston Churchill coins the phrase “iron
curtain” for the division of Europe.
•
iron curtain speech
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The Truman Doctrine
• The policy of the United States to support
free peoples who are resisting takeover.
– Between 1947-1950 Congress used this
doctrine to send $400 million in aid to Turkey
and Greece to help prevent Communist
takeover.
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The Marshall Plan
• Europe is in a state of chaos after WWII.
• Sec. of State George Marshall proposes
that the United States provide to all of the
European nations that needed it.
• The Marshall Plan revived European
hopes.
• The U.S. spends $13 billion in aid.
• Very successful.
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Countries helped by the
Marshall Plan
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Struggle over Germany
• In 1948, Britain, France and the U.S.
decide Germany is ready to be reunited.
• All three combine their territories to form
one nation.
• The Western part of Berlin was now
surrounded by Soviet territory.
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The Berlin Airlift
• June 1948, Stalin closed all highway and rail routes into Berlin,
hoping to take the city for himself.
• No food or fuel could reach ¾ of the city.
• Berliners only had enough food to last them 5 weeks.
• The U.S. and Great Britain spoiled Stalin’s plan by flying in 2.3
million tons of supplies including food, fuel, medicine and Christmas
presents to Berliners.
• For 327 days, 277,000 flights made deliveries to Berlin.
• May 1949 Stalin realized he was beaten and lifted the blockade.
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The NATO Alliance
• The aggression of the Soviet Union
worried the rest of the world.
• On April 4, 1949, the U.S. along with 11
other nations form the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization.
• The members pledged military support to
one another in case any one was
attacked.
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