Transcript document

Climate 2
Climate is ?
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World Climate Zones
Have you ever wondered why one area of the world is a
desert, another a grassland, and another a rainforest?
Why are there different types of life in each area?
The answer is climate.
Climate is the long-term weather of that area (at least
30 years). This includes the region's general pattern of
weather conditions, seasons and weather extremes like
hurricanes, droughts, or rainy periods.
Two of the most important factors determining an area's
climate are air temperature and precipitation.
The climate of a region will determine what plants will
grow there, and what animals will inhabit it.
All three components, climate, plants and animals are
interwoven to create the fabric of a biome.
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As we saw last week …
The closer to the equator you are, the more
concentrated the sun’s rays are and so the warmer the
air temperatures tend to be.
The further away from the equator, the more spread
out or dispersed the sun’s ray are the cooler the air
temperature is.
Another difference is that the further you are from
the equator, the greater the difference between
Summer and Winter, as the tilt of the earth has more
effect, both is heat and day length.
Rainfall is another variable – if the wind is dry then
you get little rain, but if the wind has brought air from
over the ocean, it is likely to be carrying moist air in
the form of clouds. As the clouds are forced up over
the land, then these areas are going to receive
precipitation in some form. What are the different
types of precipitation?
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Today we will
look at some of the climate types found on
Earth
Look at the actual graphs for some of the
places
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The climate zones
Polar
Temperate
Maritime
Desert
Tropical
Equatorial
Mediterranean
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Equatorial climate
2900 mm per year total
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In detail
2900 mm per year
total
•The temperature: does it change during the year?
•What would you say it was in words?
•What would you say about the rainfall?
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Tropical
What words would you use to
describe the temperature?
The precipitation?
Senegal is north of the Equatorwhat can you say about the summer
and winter?
500 mm per
year total
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Tropical
500 mm per
year total
When were these pictures
taken do you think?
It is sometimes called
Tropical wet and dry. Why
do you think that is?
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Desert
 Death
Valley
What words would you use
to describe the
temperature?
The precipitation?
Tindouf is north of the
Equator- what can you say
about the summer and
winter?
40mm per year total
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Mediterranean
40
80
30
60
20
40
10
0
0
Ju
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mm
What words would you use
to describe the
temperature?
The precipitation?
Sacremento is north of the
Equator- what can you say
about the summer and
winter?
Temperature ( 0C)
100
Ja
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Fe
b
M
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Ap
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M
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Precipitation(mm)
Sacramento - total rain 450mm
°C
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Temperate
maritime
What words would you use to
describe the temperature?
The precipitation?
London is north of the Equatorwhat can you say about the
summer and winter?
600 mm per
year total
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The Polar
climate
Oulu - total rain 450mm
60
60
40
30
20
20
10
0
0
-10
-20
-20
mm
°C
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Temperature ( 0C)
What words would you use to
describe the temperature?
The precipitation?
London is north of the Equatorwhat can you say about the
summer and winter?
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Ja
n
Fe
b
M
ar
Ap
r
M
ay
Ju
n
Ju
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Au
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No
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Precipitation(mm)
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So what have we seen?
Temperatures
Very cold
Cold
Mild
Warm
Very warm
CLIMATES
Equatorial
climate
Tropical climate
Desert climate
Mediterranean
climate
Temperate
maritime climate
Polar
Precipitation
Very dry
Dry
Moderate
Wet
Very wet
More than
very wet
All year
Summer only
Winter only
Not often
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Just one
more type
of climate
Monsoons
These are very important to the
countries where they occur but
before that you need to
understand how wind happens
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What is wind?
Wind is just moving air. On the diagram, the
LHS is warmed by the sun, so warm air rises
(low pressure as it is not so packed together).
On the LHS the air is cooler so it sinks to the
ground (high pressure as it is squashed
together)
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What is wind?
So you have ‘too much’ air on the LHS
and ‘not enough’ on the right, so the wind
blows from the cool part to the warm
part
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What is wind?
In general wind is air moving from high
pressure to low pressure
From where it is cooler to where it is
warmer
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This why you often get a breeze coming
off the sea in the day time
The land heats up more than the sea
The air over the land rises giving low pressure
This drags the cooler air in from the sea to take
its place, giving on-shore breezes
At a higher level the air from the land blows out
to sea to take the place of the air it ‘took’
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This is what happens at night
The land cools down quicker than the sea
The air over the sea is warmer and
therefore has a lower pressure
The air is pulled off the land in an offshore breeze
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This is roughly what happens in those
places that have monsoons
In the summer, the land hots up more than the sea so it
has low pressure
The wind is dragged off the Indian Ocean, carrying LOTS
of rain. It is VERY wet
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This is roughly what happens in those
places that have monsoons
In the winter, the sea is warmer than the Land so it has
low pressure
The wind is dragged off the land where there is little
water lying . It is VERY dry.
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This is what it looks like
Bombay (2100mm pa)
700
35
600
30
500
25
400
20
300
15
200
10
100
5
0
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rainfall
Temperature
How would you describe that?
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Work out the climate and the place
it could be
6900mm a year
Andagoya in
Columbia
Berbera in Somalia
Rome, Italy
Barrow Alaska
What do you see?
What kind of climate is it?
Which of these places do you
think it is?
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Work out the climate and the place
it could be
52 mm a year
Andagoya in
Columbia
Berbera in Somalia
Rome, Italy
Barrow Alaska
What do you see?
What kind of climate is it?
Which of these places do you
think it is?
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Work out the climate and the place
it could be
6900mm a year
Andagoya in
Columbia
Berbera in Somalia
Rome, Italy
Barrow Alaska
What do you see?
What kind of climate is it?
Which of these places do you
think it is?
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Work out the climate and the place
it could be
6900mm a year
Andagoya in
Columbia
Berbera in Somalia
Rome, Italy
Barrow Alaska
What do you see?
What kind of climate is it?
Which of these places do you
think it is?
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Homework
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