Transcript Environationalism pp ib dunia JIS

Dr. Ridwan Bachtra
IB Dunia Conference – room B5
22nd November 2014
Jakarta International School
ENVIRONATIONALISM: AN ESS
BASED EDUCATION TO ELEVATE
NATIONALISM AMONG INDONESIAN
STUDENTS
Concern on Nationalism Spirit among
Indonesian Students
 Phenomena:
- Not serious in flag ceremony
- Cannot / barely can sing national anthem and
other patriotic songs
- Cannot identify name of provinces in
Indonesia, names of national heroes, national
natural resources, cultural dance, endemic –
endangered species.
- Lack of pride or lack of interest in being
identified with Indonesian tradition: clothing,
food, artifact
Possible causes
 Nationalism concept is viewed as an abstract
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issue
Convenience lifestyle - minimum struggle in
life ; upper class society
Vast time difference between year of
independence with their lifetime
Globalized multi media input
Frequent negative news regarding
government
Areas of Learning
 Cognitive involves in knowledge,
comprehension, application, analysis, syntesis,
and evaluation.
 Affective involves in receiving or attending,
responding, valuing, organization,
characterization  Nationalism (feeling)
 Psychomotor involves in imitating,
manipulating, precession, articulating, and
naturalization. (Dave, 1975).  Nationalistic
behavior
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Erikson’s Stage of
Psycosocial Development
Environationalism approaches:
Increase knowledge of
competitive and absolute
advantages of Indonesian natural
and social resources  ESS
Increase degree of tangibility of
reason to be proud of being
Indonesian
INCREASE IN
NATIONALISM SPIRIT
Why is it important to increase knowledge about
competitive and absolute advantages of
Indonesian natural and social resources ?
 1. Environmental science (ESS) is an
empirical science - proof can be observed
directly
 2. Tangible knowledge regarding facts of
nature and social issues  longer retention
in human mind.
 3. Environmental science is a multidiscipline
knowledge that can correlate to many issues
– five dimensions : interaction,
interdependence, variability, harmony, and
sustainability.
Environationalism is following constructivism
education paradigm
 Constructivism Education Paradigm: Believes in
human capability to remember and explain an
event, to compare and to make decision, to
build knowledge from all of the experiences.
 Article of law no. 20. Year 2003 regarding
education in Indonesia mentions that an
education is a fully aware and planned efforts to
develop learning situation and process of
learning that will develop maximum potential of
students to have spiritual strength, self control,
self identity, intelligence, good manner and skills
that is necessary for the success of the student,
society, nation and country society.
Environationalism Education Model
Stage 1: Theory - Cognitive
Stage 2: Exploration
Scientific
Exploration
Literature
Stage 3: Discussion
Stage 4: Reflection
Affective
Art /
Culture
SYSTEMS AND MODELS
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STORAGES
FLOWS
PROCESSES
FEEDBACK
 OPEN SYSTEM  MATTER AND ENERGY IN
AND OUT
 CLOSE SYSTEM  ONLY ENERGY IN AND
OUT
 ISOLATED SYSTEM NOTHING MOVING
FROM THE SYSTEM
APPLICATION FOR NATIONALISM STUDIES
 Indonesia is an open system:
Situated in a very strategic location for trading and
for migration of both humans and animals
 Matter  export and import goods
 Energy  cultural influences (vocabulary / music
adoption)
 Outcome  multi culture influence, multi ethnic
formation, speciation among species
Open, Closed and Isolated
 Sample of open system:
 Indonesia is a strategic marine country  located in the
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middle of land, sea and marine trading path.
Location: 6 degree North latitude and 11 degree South
latitude and
Between 95 to 141 degree East Longitude.
Between Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean
Between Australian continent and Asian continent
Visited by many nations  got much cultural influences:
languages and lifestyle
Foreign influences is not new! Should be filtered which to
be adapted.
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika
 Written in Sutasoma  Arjuna Wiwaha by Mpu
Tantular, teaching how to value differences as
asset and not liability
 Being in cross section of Indian Ocean and
Indonesian Ocean, Asia and Australia continents,
must be able to adapt with global influences.
 By knowing Indonesian principal we can filter
what to be adopted and what not:
 Pancasila &UUD 45
As a nation located strategically and filled
with abundant natural resources
 Biodiversity:
 Geographically, Indonesia has many type of natural landscape:
 Attracts many ethnics with many lifestyle to visit and stay
 Migration of proto and deutro malayan tribe (2000-500 BC) 
from Southern China (Yunan Province, they were pushed to
Mekong river, to Kampuchea, finally to Malayan Peninsula.
 They are skilled with agriculture skills, navigation systems,
trading and astrology.
 They sailed among islands of Indonesia with leeboard
Species and Niche development:
 As geographic in Indonesia varies  each
ethnic group develop their own niche
 The more various of culture (niche) in a exist
in a nation – the more variety of culture 
more diverse skills  the more stable is a
nation. ( complete food web)
Filter: Pancasila (the soul of
indonesia)
1. One Almighty God (KeTuhanan yang maha esa)
2. Just dan civilized humanity (Kemanusiaan yang adil dan
beradab)
3. The unity of Indonesia (Persatuan indonesia)
4. Democracy led by wisdom of deliberation and
representation (Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat
kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan / perwakilan)
5. Social justice for all Indonesian people (Keadilan sosial bagi
seluruh rakyat Indonesia)
Other ideology from foreign culture
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Liberalism: as a response of strict centralized regulation that is viewed as
invasion to privacy and human rights.
a. Unlimited wealth accumulation
b. Freedom to compete and to be active in politics
c. Free market and trades
d. Freedom in social acts
e. Free style governance
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Communism: a paradigm to oppose capital owner, to eliminate gap between
social classes.
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Capitalism: market force will form a harmonious relation between capitalist,
land owner, and labor naturally. Minimal involvement of government. Written by
Adam Smith.
Biomes
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A collection of ecosystems sharing similar climatic conditions.
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Climate controls: temperature, insolation (sunlight), rainfall (water)
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Water: photosynthesis, transpiration, support (cell turgidity)
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The more productive a biome, the higher NPP (net primary
productivity) = gain of energy or biomass per unit area per unit time
remaining after allowing for losses of energy due to respiration.
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Temperature and precipitation (rainfall) determine biome distribution
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Level of insulation correlates with temperature.
Tropical rain Forest
 High temperature: 26 degree Celsius, high precipitation: 2500
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mm/yr all year long.
Little seasonal variation  all year growing season
High NPP  produce 40% of all terrestrial ecosystem
Highest diversity of animal and plants: 480 tree species / hectare
(2.5 acre) vs only 6 in temperate forest.
Multilayered and complex forest provide many niche of animal
variety
Most inorganic nutrient locked in tree biomass, not in soil. Tree
obtain nutrients from rapid recycling on forest floor.
Trees canopy protect soils, once cleared through logging, soil
easily eroded, making it hard to reestablish.
Changes
 Limiting factors and carrying capacity
 Populations are constrained by limiting factors.
 Limiting factors: temperature, water and nutrient
availability
 Chill sensitive, frost sensitive, frost resistant, frost
tolerant, cold tolerant
 Water: Hydrophytes, Mesophytes, Xerophytes
Population growth curves
 S curve 
 1. exponential growth: population grows rapidly  reasons:
plentiful resources, lack of competition, favourable abiotic
factors, lack of pradator or disease.
 2. transitional curve: increase of competitor, increase in
predator, increase rate of dises
 3. plateau phase: space and resource decline, population
increase.
 Long live species with few predator follow S curves
Succession & zonation
 Long term change in the composition of a
community
 Earliest community: pioneer
 Final community: sere
 Primary succession: occurring on a previously
uncolonized substrate
 Secondary succession: previous community had
been destroyed – recolonize again.
 Zonation: changes of community over spatial –
changes in latitude
How mature is Indonesia as a
civilization?
 Independence since 1945
 Heading toward a “climax community”? A
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stable community where relation among
species is sustainable
How far have we progress?
Sustainable resources
Population management – sustainable
relation among tribes? Religion? Social class?
Sustainable Development: balance among
economic, social, and environmental aspects
Climax community & Plagioclimax
 Climax Community  end of community changes
 Features: greater biomass, high species diversity,
favourable soil condition, lower PH, taller, longer
living trees, more K species, fewer r species, greater
community complexity, greater habitat diversity,
steady state equilibrium.
 Plagioclimax  interrupted succession process by
human interaction
 Indonesian sample: Indonesia  illegal logging,
housing development, mining, agriculture farming
 Every 4 seconds: a football pitch of tropical rain
forest deforested.
Excavation and Mining
 Size of landforms created or destroyed can
be measured by estimating rates of erosion.
 Measurement: lowering of surface, volume
carried away by river, volume of material
removed.
 Mining in Indonesia: who got the benefit?
Natural and social pollution
Environmental Impact Assessments
 Habitat type and abundance: record total area of
each habitat type
 Species list: record number of species
 Species diversity: estimate the abundance
 List of endangered species
 Land use: assess land use type and use coverage
 Hydrology: assess hydrological condition in
terms of volume, discharge, flows and quality
 Human population: assess present population
 Soil: quality, fertility and pH
 HAS IT DONE PROPERLY IN INDONESIA?
Human Population
 Population dynamics
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World population is growing rapidly
Doubled faster and faster
95% population growth is taking place at LEDC
Stabilized (reach carrying capacity) at 8.5 billion , peak at 9
billion around 2050
 Resource needed for food, clothing and housing
 Life expectancy in increasing but social security is not. 
increase of elderly
 All region will fall in population but North and South
America
Economic Prosperity
 Gross Domestic Income (GDI)  is the total
income received by all sectors of an economy
within a nation. It includes the sum of all
wages, profits, and taxes, minus subsidies.
 Gross National Product (GDP)  the market
value of all final goods and services from a
nation in a given year – Ind USD 878,198 in
2012
Reasons in mortality rates
 Age structure
 Social class
 Occupations
 Place of residence
 Child mortality rate and IMR
 Neonatal, perinatal , and Post neonatal death
 How is Indonesia doing?
Population
Pyramids
Sustainability
 Means using global resources at a rate that
allows natural regeneration and minimize
damage to the environment.
 Can be encouraged though careful application
of:
1. ecological land-use to maintain habitat quality
and connectivity for all species
2. Sustainable material cycles to prevent the
contamination of living systems
3. Social systems that contribute to a culture of
sufficiency that eases the consumption pressures
on natural capital.
Sustainable Development
 Economic Aspect:
5. Political action for
sustainability
1. Economics of sufficiency , not
greed
6. Sustainable built environment
2. Energy efficient buildings
3. Green commuting
 Environmental aspect
4. Reduced pollution
1. Renewable energy sources
5. Reduce , reuse, recycle
2. Waste management and
policies
 Social aspect:
1. Cultural diversity and social
stability
2. Lifestyle and recreational
amenities
3. Protected common land
4. Education and awareness
water treatment
3. Reduce, reuse, recycle policies
4. Protected areas and wildlife
coridors
National Application
 Approaching 7 billion world population
 Increasing human’s need for food, clothes and shelter
 Take a wise measure to ensure availability for the next
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1.
2.
3.
generation.
Indonesia position :
Tropical rain forest biome  conducive for continuous
plants to grow
Fertile volcanic soil
Highest diversity for gene pool resource  20% of tropical
rain forest on Earth, 50% plant species, 42% vertebrates,
480 species of tree in every acre compared to only 6 in
temperate forest
Role of Producers,
consumers, and Decomposers
 Producers  produce its own food
 Consumers  consume foods made by
producers
 Decomposers obtain food from breakdown of
dead organic matter.
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In society: Indonesia export products?
Producers of goods and services
Consurmers
Decomposers  recycling?
International Relation
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5.
Dutch and Japanese occupation seeking for the resources
Many national heroes have died for defense  samples:
Prince Diponegoro of Middle Jave
Kapten Pattimura of Moluccas Islands
Cut Nyak Dien of Nangroe Aceh Darrusalam
I Gusti Ngurah Rai of Bali
Sultan Hasanudin of Makasar
Current Foreign Invasion
 Economic , Social , and Politic
 Case of Freeport
 Case of Newmont
 Should seek for mutual relation not predation or
parasitic
 Raising standard in knowledge and unity to aim
for Sustainable Development for Indonesia