Transcript - the MSRI Knowledge Hub

Tajikistan Country Report
Prof. Nasyrova Firuza, Dr Volkova Tatiana, Dr Rahmatov Akram
IBPPG TAS, Scientific Research Institute of Forestry, NGO “TABioS”
Central Asian Workshop on Agroforestry
19-21 January, Kunming, China
Tajikistan – the map
The
Republic of Tajikistan is located in Central Asia, the total area of 143.5 mln.km2
population - 8.2 million.
It shares borders with Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.
Tajikistan typical mountainous country - 93% of the territory is covered by
mountains, the altitude of 300 to 7495 m.
Leading industry is agriculture - cotton, grain, horticulture, gardening, and especially
livestock
Population,
the majority (75%) live in rural areas are directly dependent on natural
resources.
 The
climate is subtropical, from high altitudes (Pamir) to the Arctic areas. The
mountainous part is the place where glaciers and mountain streams, where a water
flow to neighboring countries.
a brief description
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nival ecosystems
High mountain desert ecosystems
Alpine meadow-steppe ecosystems
Mid-coniferous forest ecosystems
Mid mesophyllic forest ecosystems
Mid-xerophytic forest ecosystems
Mid-low mountain savannoide ecosystems
Foothill semidesert-desert ecosystems
Wetland ecosystems.
Tajikistan Ecosystems
Land resources are the determining factor for sustainable
development of the country
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The total area of the land is 14.2 million.
Currently, about 4.6 million ha is in economic circulation, including pastures - 3.33.6 million hectares. Arable land - 720-840 thousand hectares. Perennials - over
100 thousand ha.
Rocks and debris occupy 17.5% of the country,
glaciers and reservoirs up to 9%,
3% forest area,
land settlements, transport and industry about 2%.
To date, formed more than 5,000 dekhan (farm), which are at the disposal of
mainly arable and irrigated land.
Until 2001, the country was empty for more than 20 thousand hectares of irrigated
land. The reason for this was unsustainable land use, salinization, waterlogging and
soil erosion. Plays a role and a lack of water, and sometimes flooding by
floodwater
Lands
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Under the influence of anthropogenic factors riparian ecosystems are degraded
(logging, overgrazing, fire, soil salinity, etc.).
Climate change will lead to land degradation and desertification processes,
which suffer from agriculture.
In the case of frequent and prolonged drought could be threatened loving
vegetation and forests. Climate warming will be observed changes in
phenology of tree and shrub and herbaceous vegetation, arrival dates of birds
and others.
Air temperature increase at 2-3 ° C in the medium term will strengthen the
process of glacier retreat. According to estimates, in Tajikistan, thousands of
small glaciers will disappear. The area of ice cover of the country may be
reduced by 20%, the volume of ice - by 25-30%. In the initial period of
melting glaciers will increase the flow of some rivers and will partially
compensate the reduction of flow in other rivers, a catastrophic reduction of
water availability in many rivers.
Water resources in the medium term in some areas are likely to increase
(Western Pamir), in other reduced (Zarafshan, Kafirnigan et al.) By raising the
temperature, glacier retreat, change in rainfall and increase in intensity
evaporation. Be expected to increase the scope and impact of natural
disasters, especially floods and floods.
Risks associated with climate
change
 Restoring
Teresken (Eurotia
ceratoides) in the Eastern
Pamirs in terms of global
climate change
Project proposal
Pamir – high mountain plateau, altitude 3600-5000 m above sea
level, the mountain ranges rising to 7,000 m, the climate is harsh
sharply continental, winter lasts 8 months, with little snow, the
temperature of 25-30 ° C, The absolute minimum -65°C.
 Vegetation is sparse, coverage is only 5% of the territory.
 The main type of ecosystem is forming by Teresken.
 Teresken- valuable forage plant, shrub for wild and domestic
animals, with a maximum height of 0.5 m, and is the main fuel
material for local residents.
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Pamir
Teresken
Teresken gray
Environmental
- the loss of biodiversity in a very fragile
natural ecosystems, where, along with climate change, a
very acute problem of the negative anthropogenic impact on
natural resources.
Destruction of Teresken lead to negative consequences, so
as 70-80% destroyed fuel, in connection with which the
Pamirs are processes of desertification, which took a
threatening nature, there were dust storms, is the
degradation of high mountain ecosystems, the melting of
glaciers, reduction of the number of wild animals, such as
snow leopard, Siberian ibex, Pamir argali. Most of grasslands
to other alpine ecosystems.
Social - with the increasing desertification intensified social
problem (lack of fuel, impoverishment of the population,
health aspects). All these processes are interrelated, because
this is the outflow of population
Problems of teresken
Teresken harvesting for domestic
use
Transportation of Teresken by
various vehicles
Yaks on degraded pastures of the
Eastern Pamir
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Donor assistance in the implementation of the project
to restore of Teresken;
involvement of local communities into activities on
Teresken rehabilitation;
organization of demonstration plots to Teresken
restore;
search for alternative sources of energy for heating in
winter in the Pamir;
involvement of local communities (jamoats, land
users, national parks, reserves, forestry) in the
solution to this very important issue.
Solutions
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By concluding an agreements between
land users with local communities for the
transition to joint management of land
use for a long period (not less than 20
years) and the implementation of
measures to Teresken restore and
sustainable use them seems a real
possibility of the project.
continue
The objective of the Project is to develop an electronic Cadastre and Atlas
“Medicinal Plants of Protection areas of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan”.
During the Project the following tasks will be fulfilled:
1.
Collection, analysis and systematization of data on medicinal plants of
protection areas of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan".
a.
Designing the structure of semantic database, it’s filling and creating a
database describing each species of medicinal plants.
b.
Creating electronic (vectorial) topographical base and putting thematic
layers on topographical base, i.e. habitats of medicinal species of plants of
protection areas.
2.
Selecting and converting pictures and photos of medicinal plants to
electronic form, i.e. creating united electronic album.
3.
“Tying” semantic database and database with description of each
species of medicinal plants to semantic layers, i.e. creating united electronic
cadastre.
ISTC #T-2078 “Electronic Cadastre and
Atlas “Medicinal Plants of Tajikistan and
Kyrgyzstan Protected Areas
Objectives:
 Accurate records, preservation and cultivation of endemic,
rare and endangered species of food, medicinal and forage
plants of the 3 pilot zones, and the development of the
scientific basis for their growth, renewal and sustainable use.
 The development of scientific advice on sustainable use of
resources food, medicinal and forage plants in the pilot zones
extrapolation of the data to other mountain areas of
Tajikistan. An important part of this project is also (with the
help and encouragement local residents and students) a
number of plantations antimud slide protection fast-growing
tree species (willow, poplar, and other types of sea buckthorn)
along pilot zones and its major tributaries and rugged.
ISTC #T-2075 Conservation and use of
germplasm of wild food, medicinal and
forage plants of Tajikistan to address
issues of sustainable development
Tasks:
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Definition, registration, examination and determination of biodiversity of food, medicinal and
forage plants, as well as the definition of real resources fruit trees (apple, pear, apricot, walnut,
white mulberry, w. Black grape, barberry, etc.) in the pilot zones and drafting accurate maps of
their distribution. Organizing expeditions and long-term investigations to collect herbarium, seeds,
bulbs, cuttings and other material from the wild plants
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Create stationary pilot sites for breeding and rearing of wild food, medicinal and fruit plants by
cutting, planting and sowing their seeds along the rivers to reduce the degradation of fragile lands
in these areas. Create greenhouses and nurseries with the purpose of growing food and medicinal
plants in the experimental plots of the Institute of Botany, Physiology and Genetics, Academy of
Sciences of Tajikistan.
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Conduct ethnobotanical research by interviewing local people, as well as seminars, meetings,
training, interviews, consultations and outreach activities, training of rural populations and rural
communities - Jamoat (inviting senior officials on environmental inspections of the local district
Hukumats environmental protection, forest protection, conservation, augmentation of rare and
endangered species of wild food, medicinal and fruit trees, as well as the rational use of
rangelands and other elements of biological diversity;
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Development of scientific basis (special edition booklet) for the conservation, augmentation and
sustainable use of wild food, medicinal, endemic, rare and endangered species, as well as valuable
fruit trees: apple, pear, apricot, walnut, white mulberry, w. black grape, barberry, etc.
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Creation of the database at the Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics, the primary
seed from the wild food, medicinal, endemic, rare and endangered species, as well as fruit trees
(apple, pear, apricot, walnut, white mulberry, w. Black grapes, barberry, etc.) collected in the pilot
zones to preserve native species and varieties, sharing information, providing local communitiesjamoats primary seed, planting material, etc.
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Selecting and converting pictures and photos of medicinal plants to electronic form, i.e. creating
united electronic cadastre and atlas.
Thank you for attention!