Transcript Standard Lecture

International Standard
for
Sustainable Wild Collection of
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
(ISSC-MAP)
Uses of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Food
Medicines
Cosmetics
Spices
Source: U. Schippmann
Important Facts
• 50,000 – 70,000 medicinal and aromatic
plants are estimated to be used worldwide.
• Some 3,000 MAP species are traded
internationally.
Resource
Ressourceunder
underpressure:
pressure:
About
15,000
medicinal
plant
species
may
be
About
15,000
medicinal
plant
species
may
threatened
to some
degree
world-wide
be threatened
to some
degree
world-wide
(IUCN).
(IUCN).
Production of MAP
Ca. 900 MAP species are
commercially cultivated.
Photo: Yan Zhijian
Estimation of wild collection
• (70)-90% in terms of species numbers
• 50-(70%) in terms of quantity
Photo: B. Pätzold
 Most MAP species are now – and will continue to
be – wild
collected!
!Make
wild collection
 Cultivation cannot
be
the
principal
solution
to
sustainable!
over-harvesting!
Challenges for a Standard on
Sustainable Wild Collection of MAP
• Unique circumstances of ecology, habitat,
and pressures on resource for each species
• Harvesting techniques:
Questions about “how to”
collect wild MAP sustainably
• Uncertainty about annual
sustained yield
Challenges for a Standard on
Sustainable Wild Collection of MAP
• Large number of products,
uses, and markets
• Proliferation of labels and claims
regarding sustainability without
means for validation
• Long and complex supply chains – difficult
to trace product back to its source
WHO
GACP
Guidelines
for MAP Conservation,
Production, Quality Control
WHO IUCN WWF
Conservation
Guideline
(= general recommendations)
?
The missing link:
set of rules to define, implement, and
evaluate good management practices
ISSC-MAP
Devils Claw
Namibia
Arnica
Romania
Ratanhia
Peru
?
Bearberry
Russia
Management Plans for Species and Regions
Existing Frameworks & Gaps
Ecosystem Management
e.g. Forest – FSC
Organic Agriculture – IFOAM,
Demeter
Species Conservation
& Sustainable Use
Health and Safety
e.g. GACP – AHPA,
EMEA, WHO
Equity
e.g. Fair trade – FLO
Access and Benefit
Sharing regime,
FairWild
Process
Development 2004-2006
Implementation 2007-….
Legal Adoption
& Policy
Testing
Drafting
Development
Cooperation
People &
Politics
Certification
ISSC-MAP
Voluntary Codes
of Practice
Plant
Product
Consultation
Resource
Management
Information &
Training
CITES
ISSC-MAP – Purpose
To ensure the continued use and
long-term survival of medicinal and
aromatic plant (MAP) species and
populations in their habitats, while
respecting the traditions, cultures and
livelihoods of all stakeholders.
ISSC-MAP – Objectives
• To provide a framework of principles
and criteria that can be applied to the
management of MAP species and their
ecosystems
• To provide guidance for management
planning
• To serve as a basis for monitoring and
reporting, and
• To recommend requirements for
certification of sustainable wild collection
of MAPs.
ISSC-MAP Version 1.0 (2007): 3 Levels
6 Principles
18 Criteria
100+ Indicators
• Press launch BioFach,
Nuremburg, Germany Febr 07
• 1st release in North America at
Natural Products Expo West,
March 07
• Available online at
www.floraweb.de/map-pro
ISSC-MAP Version 1.0: 6 Principles
Maintaining Wild Map Resources
Preventing Negative Environmental Impacts
Wild collection and
conservation requirements
Compliance with Laws, Regulations, and Agreements
Respecting Customary Rights
Applying Responsible Management Practices
Applying Responsible Business Practices
Legal and ethical
requirements
Management
and
business
practices
Implementation
„Get dirt on it!“ – Implementation projects
→ Promotion
→ Awareness
raising
→ Consultation
→ Fundraising
What we need: Strong partners
• Private Sector
• Development Cooperation Agencies
• Certifiers
• Country authorities
• Resource managers, communities
Photos: G. Kinhal,
B. Pätzold, F. Barsch,
Implementation Phase I (2007-2009)
Aims
• Demonstrate benefits for on-the-ground operations and for MAP
/ habitat conservation
• Detect challenges and obstacles
• Provide sound cost calculations of ISSC-MAP implementation in
a variety of different environments and under different
conditions
• Develop further guidance documents
• Develop implementation reports to draw recommendations for
the update of the ISSC-MAP
• Provide case studies to enhance the ISSC-MAP‘s profile
• Find ways to link the ISSC-MAP to existing standards
Implementation Projects
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Implementation of the
ISSC-MAP in cooperation with partners
from the local private
sector and government
authorities
Brazil
Model implementation
at community level in
Acre, Amazon
Nepal
Use of ISSC-MAP in
conservation areas
and buffer zones
managed by local
communities
India
Uttarakhand: ISSC-MAP
Implementation along the
mandi trade chain
Lesotho
Development of a
regional management
plan for Pelargonium
sidoides together with
national authorities
Cambodia
Identification of priority
species and
development of a local
model implementation
project
China
Inclusion of ISSCMAP into the
development of
regional resource
management
Implementation Projects
In the field – Variety of situations:
Step-wise approach:
• Situation analysis (ecologial, social, cultural
aspects) with local stakeholders/target group
involvement
• `Translation´of ISSC-MAP contents into local
context
• Interim management decisions and collection
protocols leading to regular resource
assessments and monitoring
• Training and capacity building
• Development of a management plan
• Periodic review
Photos: G. Kinhal,
D. Cole
Who benefits from a widely accepted,
credible standard?
• Industry  sustainable resource use and
corporate social and environmental
responsibility
• Resource managers  guidelines for MAP
protection, harvest, and monitoring
• Collectors  insurance against resource and
market failures
• Consumers  reliability of claims about
ecological sustainability and fair trade
• Species and habitats  maintain biodiversity
ISSC-MAP Project website:
www.floraweb.de/map-pro
Decision Board:
Danna J. Leaman (IUCN-SSC Medicinal Plant Specialist Group) (MPSG)
Susanne Honnef (WWF Germany and TRAFFIC)
Uwe Schippmann (German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation)
Giridhar A. Kinhal (Foundation for the Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, India)
Rainer Bächi (Institute for Market Ecology IMO, Switzerland)
Josef Brinckmann (Traditional Medicinals Inc., USA)
Ximena Buitrón Cisneros (IUCN MPSG)
Secretariat:
Britta Pätzold, Susanne Honnef (WWF Germany and TRAFFIC, Johann-WolfgangGoethe University Frankfurt)
ISSC-MAP Project website:
www.floraweb.de/map-pro
Implementation Project Co-ordinators:
Brasil: Ximena Buitrón Cisneros (IUCN MPSG, Quito) [email protected]
Cambodia: Chris Turton (TRAFFIC Vietnam) [email protected]
India: Giridhar A. Kinhal [email protected] and
Samir Sinha (TRAFFIC India), [email protected]
Lesotho/South Africa: David Newton (TRAFFIC SA) [email protected]
Nepal: Indu Bikal Sapkota (WWF Nepal) [email protected]
SEE, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Anastasiya Timoshyna (TRAFFIC HU) and Sladjana
Bundalo [email protected]