Transcript Body Systems Part 1

Notes on Skeletal, Muscular, &
Digestive Systems
1. Skeletal System
 Babies are born with around 305 bones
 Some infant bones are separate at birth
(soft spot on head) & much of skeleton
is cartilage, not bone. This helps baby
during birth.
 Having bones that are not fused
(connected & hardened) helps baby
move through birth canal.
 Overtime cartilage hardens into bone
by a process called ossification.
Bones that were separated from
each other at birth become fused
together.
 This is usually complete by young
adulthood-in 20’s.
 Adults typically have 206 bones.
Purpose of Skeletal System
 Give body shape, support, & protect
vital organs
 Ex: Skull protects brain
 Ex: Ribs & sternum protect heart &
lungs
2 Parts of Skeletal System
1. Axial-bones that protect vital
organs
Ex: skull, ribcage, sternum,
vertebral column
2 Parts of Skeletal System
 2. Appendicular- bones that connect
appendages (sticks out/connects to
trunk of body) to axial skeleton
 Ex: arms bones-humerous, radius, ulna

leg bones- femur, tibia, & fibula
Bone Marrow:
Thick, spongy material
inside most bones
Makes red blood cells
(RBC’s)
Body Systems Part 1 continued
2. Muscular System
Job: provide movement
for our bodies

We have over 600 muscles
attached to our skeleton
Voluntary & Involuntary
muscles
1.Voluntary: muscles we can
control
aka skeletal muscles
Ex: biceps, triceps, quadriceps
Involuntary Muscles
Muscles we cannot control
Controlled by nervous
system & hormones
Ex: cardiac (heart), lungs,
digestion
Muscle Disorders
1. Muscular Dystrophy- a genetic
(inherited from parent’s chromosomes)
disorder that gradually weakens the
body’s muscles
 -actually a group of about 40 diseases
Caused by incorrect or missing
genetic info that prevents the body
from making the proteins needed
to build healthy muscles.
Symptoms-weak muscles,
immobility (unable to move), &
imbalance
Affects children by taking away the
ability to walk, sit upright, breathe
easily, & move their arms & hands
There is no cure for MD but
researchers are learning daily about
how to treat, diagnose & slow the
progression of the disorder
Can be diagnosed in child or adult
age
Muscular Dystrophy in Dogs
Canine muscular dystrophy: dogs
can be diagnosed with MD
Usually affects male dogs more
severely than females
More common in certain breeds:
Golden Retrievers, Brittany
Spaniels, & Welsh Corgis
In dogs, symptoms begin early in
life-about 8 weeks of puppyhood
Symptoms include weakness,
immobility, difficulty breathing,
difficulty swallowing
Progresses quickly, no cure
Dogs with severe case only live a
few days. Weaker cases may live a
several years.
Cerebral PalsyFairly common congenital (present
at birth) disorder that affects the
posture, balance, & motor
functions
No cure but some treatments can
help with symptoms
Cerebral Palsy
Caused by abnormal brain
development, often before birth
Symptoms include floppy or rigid
limbs & involuntary motions &
appear during early adulthood
Digestive System
 Job- break down food so useful pieces
can be absorbed into bloodstream &
sent throughout our bodies
 - also get rid of leftover parts we
cannot use


Made up of these organs:
mouth, esophagus, stomach,
liver, gall bladder, pancreas,
small intestine, & large intestine
Chemicals-help break down
food in stomach, liver, gall
bladder, & pancreas
Stomach- produces gastric
juices-hydrochloric acid &
enzymes-that turn food into
creamy liquid in 3-4 hours.
Pancreas & Liver- make
chemicals that separate fats,
carbohydrates, & proteins from
food for body’s use
Small intestine- where broken
down ‘food’ actually passes into
bloodstream
Large Intestine- receives
unusable ‘food’ & exits body
later
**Laying small & large
intestines out straight
measure over 22 feet long**
Digestive System Disorders
1. GERD-gastro esophageal reflux
disease- severe & common heartburn
 -valve between the esophagus &
stomach weakens & lets stomach acid
backup into esophagus & irritate it;
results in burning in chest with pain
 -digestive system disease/condition
2. Celiac DiseaseCeliac disease can affect children or
adults.
-Symptoms include diarrhea,
bloating, abdominal pain, skin rash
or a thinning of bones. In children
it can cause growth failure.

Celiac disease con’d
People with the disease are advised
to eliminate foods with gluten, a
protein that is found in wheat, rye
and barley.
-Gluten damages the lining of the
small intestine for people with the
disease.
-