Transcript Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Skeletal and Muscular Systems
8th Grade Growth and Development
Lesson 1
The Skeletal System

Body System: a group of organs that work
together to perform an important function.
Skeletal System: a Frame work of bones
that supports you, allows you to move,
protects vital organs and produces
 blood cells.

The Skeletal System
Made up of
206 bones.
Bones of
skull, face,
spine, and rib
cage give you
shape and
protect
organs.
Bones of the
arms, legs
and pelvis
provide
movement
when
attached to
muscles.
Important Bone TermsSupport and Control

Cartilage: strong flexible tissue on the
ends of some bones, providing a cushion
where bones come together.

Ligaments: strong cords of tissue that
connect the bones in your joints.
Your Joints

Joint: A point at which to bones meet.
Without joints, you wouldn’t be able to
bend, move, walk or grasp!

3 Types of joints….
Types of Joints

Hinge Joint: Allows bones to move back
and forth. Knees and Elbows

Fixed Joint: a joint that does not move.
Skull

Ball and socket joint: allows a wide range
of movement. Shoulder and Hip
Skeletal Problems
Scoliosis
a deformity of the spine
in which the spine
develops an S-shaped
curve when viewed
from behind.

Skeletal Problems
Osteoporosis: a disease in which bones
become thin and brittle.
 Fracture: crack or break in a bone
 Sprain: stretching or partial tearing of
ligaments.

Caring for your Skeletal System

Exercise Regularly

Wear shoes that fit properly

Select foods and beverages rich in calcium,
phosphorus, and vitamin D.

Participate in screening for scoliosis.
The Muscular System

Muscular System: made up of muscles that
help you move and maintain your posture.
Muscles
account
for about
½ your
body
weight
There are over
600 muscles in
your body!
The Muscular System

Tendons: tough bands of tissue that attach
muscles to bones
The Muscular System

Voluntary Muscles: muscles you control.

Also known as skeletal muscles

Examples:




Biceps
Triceps
Quadriceps
Deltoid
The Muscular System
Involuntary Muscle: muscles you do not
control.
 Examples:

Heart
 Stomach muscles
 Intestinal muscles

The Muscular System

Smooth Muscle: muscle found in body
organs blood vessels, and glands

Smooth muscle is involuntary
The Muscular System

Cardiac Muscle: muscle found only in the
walls of the heart.

Cardiac Muscle is involuntary and
continually contracts and relaxes to pump
blood throughout the body.
Muscular Problems

Muscle Strain: Muscles are stretched to
far

Low back strain
Muscle Sprain
 Muscle Cramp: muscle contracts and fails
to relax
 Lower back pain: Results from poor
posture and lack of exercise.

Caring for your Muscular System
Exercise regularly
 Warm up before exercising
 Select foods containing carbohydrates and
protein
 Sleep in the fetal position on a firm mattress
 Practice weight management
 Lift objects by bending knees
