Transcript Animal Body Systems

Body Systems: Skeletal and
Muscular
Levels of Organization ~ Organ Systems
We have a lot in common with Mr.
Frog…“Like what?” you say……..
Frogs
• Eukaryotes
Humans
• Eukaryotes
• Multi-cellular
• Multi-cellular
• Heterotrophic
• Heterotrophic
Taxonomy
(Compare to yourself to Mr. Frog)
Frogs
Humans
Domain—Eukarya
Kingdom—Animalia
Phylum—Chordata
Class—Amphibia
Order—Anura
Family—Ranidae
Genus— Rana or Hyla
Species— (many)
Domain—Eukarya
Kingdom—Animalia
Phylum—Chordata
Class—Mammalia
Order—Primate
Family—Hominidae
Genus—Homo
Species—Sapiens
Skeletal System
Skeletal– Functions (jobs)
1. Gives shape and support
2. Movement
3. Protects internal organs
4. Makes blood cells
5. Stores calcium and other
minerals.
Skeletal– Structures (parts)
 Marrow- the inner
part of the bone that
makes red blood cells,
white blood cells, and
platelets
 Ligaments- tissue that
connects one bone to
another bone
 Cartilage- flexible
connective tissue that is
found on the ends of
bones to reduce
friction
Joints—Where 2 bones meet
 Immoveable (fixed)- does not move




(skull)
Pivot- movement around a point
(neck)
Ball and Socket- allows 360 degree
motion (shoulder and hip)
Hinge- allows for open and close
motion (knees and elbows
Sliding- bones glide past one another
(hands and feet)
What did one bone say to the
other bone?
Will you be “jointing” me
tonight for dinner? LOL
How about Mr. Frog? Does he have a
skeleton? YES!!!!
Frog
How is Mr. Frog’s skeleton
similar to ours?
Human
We both have a skull, ulna, radius,
humerus, tibia, fibula and more….
Do all animals have a skeleton
like ours? Nope!
Scorpion
Sea Urchin
Not this guy! His
skeleton is an
exoskeleton (it is on
the outside of his
body)
Nautilus
Not him either!
Although he has an
endoskeleton, it is
still much
different than
ours.
Not this one either.
His skeleton is an
endoskeleton, but
much different
than ours.
Nope! At least he
has a backbone
like us.
Sting ray
Homologous (similar) Structures of
other organisms
Homeostasis—Balance in the Body
 How does the skeletal system maintain balance in the body?
It maintains the
calcium levels in
the blood.
Stimulus / Response
 Give an example of internal and external stimulus and
response.
1. Internal Stimulus: muscles
need calcium
Response: calcium leaves the
bones and goes to the bloodstream
to get to the muscles
2. External Stimulus: bone is
fractured
Response: bones cells and blood
begin rebuilding the fractured
bone
Systems working together
1. Skeletal and Circulatory
2. Skeletal and Muscular
 Bone
marrow
makes red
and white
blood cells
and
platelets.
 Muscles contract and relax
to make the bones move.
Disorders
Osteoporosis -- weakening of bone due to loss of calcium.
Usually in old age.
Disorder: Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disorder that is most common in women as
they get older. It is the weakening of bones. People with
osteoporosis can easily break their bones.
Men CAN and DO still get it, though, but the
hormones that women produce make them
more susceptible to it.
Even if you don’t like milk, you should aim
to get calcium-rich foods into your diet…
YEAH!
such as yogurt, cheese, calcium pills, and
dark green veggies like broccoli or spinach.
Besides calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D are nutrients that
are also vital in making your bones strong and healthy.
Our Incredible Skeleton
Incredible Skeleton Stories
Muscular System
--Functions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stability and Posture
Motion
Heat Production
Circulation
Digestion
3 Types of Muscles
Cardiac Musclemuscle found in the
heart
Skeletal Musclemuscle attached to your
bones and helps you
move
Smooth Musclelines organs such as
blood vessels, stomach
and digestive tract.
Voluntary (control) or Involuntary (no control)??
How are our muscles attached to our
bones?
Tendons attach our muscle to our
bones.
The skeletal system and the muscular
system work together for movement
Try this out on your own arm.
Bend it. Which muscle is “bulging” or shortening? Which one is lengthening?
Straighten it. Now, which muscle is “bulging” or shortening? And lenghthening?
Muscles help us do WORK.
 What is work and when is it really done?
Work is done when force is applied over a
distance.
In which
picture is
work being
done?
Force
Distance
Force
Distance
Structures/Types of Muscle, contd.
Skeletal muscles that move your body around come in two
varieties: flexors and extensors.
Flexors and extensors usually work in pairs, as seen here:
i. flexor – bends a joint (biceps)
ii. extensor – straightens a joint
(triceps)
biceps bendstriceps
straightens it
the arm
Involuntary Muscles (not in our control)
Food digestion
Circulation
How about Mr. Frog? Does he have muscles
that help him move like us?
Human
Frog
YES!!!!
How do other organisms move?
Muscular
Contractions
Muscular
Contractions
Jet Propulsion and
Muscular
Contractions
Jet Propulsion
Homeostasis—Internal balance in the Body
 Give an example of how the Muscular system maintains
balance.
1. The muscles in your body
keep your blood flowing and
breathing going at
whatever rate your body needs
at the moment.
2. they allow you to
digest food, eliminate certain
wastes, and can even warm your
body up.
Stimulus / Response
 Give an example of internal and external stimulus and
response.
Internal stimulusPituitary Gland releases hormones
Response- muscles get larger or
gaining muscle
External stimulusSomeone stepping on your foot
Response- pull away or flinch
Disorders
There are many reasons why someone would be confined to a
wheelchair. Brain or nerve damage (paralysis) could be one,
but another genetic birth defect that affects thousands around
the country is muscular dystrophy.
Muscular dystrophy is a disease where a person’s muscles weaken
after birth and the sick have little control over them. Over time,
people with M.D. will often end up in wheelchairs as their muscles
fail them. Their minds are completely healthy, though. No cure
currently exists for this disease. The MDA (Jerry’s
Kids) is the most prominent charity searching for a
cure.
Muscular System Video