Transcript Respiratory System

Digestive System
Primary Function of Digestive
System
 Used to breakdown the food.
 The body absorbs the
nutrients and uses it for
energy.
Organs in the Digestive
System
 Mouth
 Esophagus
 Stomach
 Small Intestine
 Large Intestine
 Rectum
 Liver
 Gallbladder
 Pancreas
 Appendix
Mouth
 Teeth grind the food and
salivary glands release
enzymes that partially digest
the food in the mouth before it
is passed to the stomach
through the esophagus.
 Purpose: break down the food
and wet the food for easier
transportation.
Esophagus
 Connects the throat to the
stomach. It uses rhythmic, wavelike muscle movements (called
peristalsis) to force food from the
throat into the stomach.
 Purpose: transportation of food
and liquid from the mouth to the
stomach. The chewed food is
passed through the food pipe by
the process of peristalsis.
Stomach
 Serves as the mixer and
grinder of food. The stomach
secretes acid and powerful
enzymes that continue the
process of breaking the food
down and changing it to a
consistency of liquid or paste.
 Purpose: The function of the
stomach is to churn and turn
the food into a liquid called
chyme.
Small Intestine
 The digested food is then
taken into the small
intestine and the waste is
passed on to the large
intestine.
 Purpose: absorption of food
(nutrients, vitamins,
minerals, etc. ) takes place.
Large Intestine
 In the large intestine, water
and electrolytes (chemicals
like sodium) are removed
from the food.
 Purpose: Eliminates the water
that’s left over after
absorbing everything else
that it needs.
Rectum
 The rectum stores the
undigested waste (food) and
gets rid of the waste when the
need comes. This is the final
part of the human digestive
system.

Purpose: keep the intestine
sealed shut until the need to
pass feces, and assists in the
moving of the feces out of the
body.
Liver
 Produces bile (a substance
that helps to break down
fats) which is transferred to
the gallbladder where it is
stored until needed for
digestion.
 The liver converts glucose
into glycogen. Glycogen =
energy.
Gallbladder
 Storage sac for excess bile.
Helps absorb fats in the
diet and carries waste from
the liver that cannot go
through the kidneys.
 Fat doesn’t dissolve in
water, bile in gallbladder
helps break down fat.
Pancreas
 Source of powerful
digestive enzymes
required to
chemically break
down fats,
carbohydrates and
proteins.
 Pancreas produces
insulin (regulates
sugar level).
Appendix
3 Theories
 Digest plant food
 Manufacture white
blood cells
 Attract infections
 Over thousands of
years humans have
needed the appendix
less.
Appendicitis
 Appendicitis means
inflammation of the
appendix. Begins when the
opening becomes blocked
due to a build-up of thick
mucus or stool. The mucus
or stool hardens becoming
rock-like.
 Appendicitis most common
with 10 – 30 year olds.
Acid Reflux/Heartburn
 movement of stomach
acid into the esophagus,
a burning sensation in
the chest that can extend
to the neck, throat, and
face
 Foods that can worsen
acid reflux are citrus
fruits, chocolate, drinks
with caffeine, fatty, fried,
spicy foods.
Gall Stones
 A small, hard crystalline
mass formed abnormally
in the gallbladder or bile
ducts from bile pigments,
cholesterol, and calcium
salts. Gallstones can
cause severe pain and
blockage of the bile duct
 Gallstones can be the size
of a grain of salt or a golf
ball.
Lactose Intolerance
 disorder consisting of
an inability to digest
milk and milk
products, deficiency
of enzyme produced
by the cells lining the
small intestine.
 Can cause abdominal
pain, bloating, nausea,
gas, and diarrhea.
Food Poisoning
 Illness caused by
bacteria or other
toxins characterized
by nausea, vomiting
and diarrhea.
 Food poisoning is
acquired through poor
sanitation of food or
preparation of food.