Transcript SMALL INTESTINES

TEETH
•Begin the process
mechanical digestion
(breaking the food
down into smaller more
manageable pieces) to
assist in swallowing;
• chopping, tearing and
grinding)
TONGUE
 plays the role of moving
the food around the mouth
 papillae (upper surface
of the tongue, house the
taste buds that allow us
to taste food)
UVULA
 hanging from the
middle of the back
edge of the soft
palate which
prevents food from
entering the
pharynx during
swallowing
SALIVA
•clear liquid secreted
into the mouth by the
salivary glands and
mucous glands of the
mouth;
•moistens the mouth
and starts the digestion
of starches;
•assist in the chemical
process of digestion
BOLUS
•round mass
of food that
has been
chewed to the
point of
swallowing
ESOPHAGUS
• Tube connecting the
pharynx to the stomach;
• approximately 24 cm long;
lined with circular and
longitudinal muscles which
work to move food down;
PERISTALSIS
 symmetrical
contraction of
muscles which
propagates in a
wave down the
esophagus to help
propel food
through the
digestive tract)
STOMACH
 Muscular J shaped organ in which food is temporarily
stored while further chemical and mechanical
digestion takes place;
 walls are folded to allow distension;
 lined by gastric glands which secrete gastric juices
which aid in chemical digestion (HCl, salts, enzymes,
water and mucous) stimulated by the presence of
food;
 mucous protects the surface of the stomach from the
acidic gastric juice;
 3 layers of muscle that relax and contract to churn
stomach contents
CHYME
 thick liquid of partially digested food
mixed with gastric juices
CARDIAC SPHINCTER
 muscular valve at the
junction of the
esophagus and the
stomach;
 controls the backflow
of stomach contents
back into the
esophagus
PYLORIC SPHINCTER
 (muscular valve at the
lower end when closed
helps keep the food in
the stomach)
SMALL INTESTINES
DUODENUM
(the first part of the
small intestine; “C”
shaped)
JEJUNUM
follows the
duodenum,
approximately 2.5m
long, contains many
more folds than the
duodenum
ILEUM
3m long, functions
to absorb nutrients
and to push
undigested food
into the large
intestine
VILLI
(tiny finger like
projections that
increase the surface
area)
MICROVILLI
(each
villi is in turn
covered with many fine
brush like microvilli that
further increase the
surface area)
LARGE INTESTINE
•absorb nearly 90% of water
from the alimentary canal;
•contains anaerobic bacteria
to help digest undigested
material;
•leftover material is referred
to as feces which is pushed
by muscular contractions
into the rectum
CECUM
the cavity in which the
large intestine begins
and into which the
ileum opens; "the
appendix is an
offshoot of the cecum
APPENDIX
finger like
projection at the
end of the
cecum; no
known function
ACENDING, TRANSVERSE AND
DESCENDING COLON
ASCENDING COLON - part of
the large intestine that ascends
from the cecum to the
transverse colon
TRANSVERSE COLON - part
of the large intestine that
extends across the abdominal
cavity and joins the ascending
to the descending colon
DESCENDING COLON - part of
the large intestine that
descends from the transverse
colon
RECTUM, ANAL CANAL AND ANUS
RECTUM - the final part of the
alimentary canal where waste is
stored before being eliminated
ANAL CANAL - the terminal part
of the large intestine
ANUS - the excretory opening at
the end of the alimentary canal
SALIVARY GLANDS
PAROTID GLAND - the largest of the
salivary glands located slightly below and in
front of the 2 ears; a duct connects the gland
to the oral cavity; produces the majority of
saliva
SUBLINGUAL GLAND - small salivary glands
located under the tongue that secrete saliva
directly into the mouth through a series of
pores
SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND -pair of glands
located beneath the jaw which connect by a
duct to the oral cavity;
LIVER
Located in the right upper
quadrant just below the
diaphragm
Produces bile, an alkaline
substance which aids in
digestion of fats acting as an
emulsifying agent (breaks fat
down into smaller particles that
are more readily absorbed);
Some of the bile drains directly
into the duodenum
LIVER
 Numerous function – detoxification,
production of bile (aids in digestion of
fats), store glycogen; break down
RBC,
 Only internal human organ capable
of regeneration
GALLBLADDER
Stores and
concentrates bile
produced by the liver
and releases it through
the common bile duct
to the duodenum.
Humans can live
without a gallbladder
PANCREAS
Glandular organ producing
several important hormones,
including insulin (use to move
glucose from the blood into
tissues) and glucagon (used to
mobilize glucose from the
tissues to the blood)
Secretes pancreatic juice
containing digestive enzymes
that pass to the small
intestine.