Transcript systems of the human body

FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Epidermis~ the outermost layer of the skin
made up of two parts-exterior and interior.
 Dermis~ inner, thicker portion of the skin.
 Subcutaneous~ layer which consists of fat &
connective tissue.
 Follicle~ structure that grows out of narrow
cavities in the dermis. They are supported with
blood vessels &nerves &become attached to
muscle tissue. It protects the skin from injury &
damage from solar rays. It provides an
insulating layer of air just above the surface of
the skin.
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FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Oil gland~ prevents hair from drying out. It
keeps skin soft &pliable. Inhabits growth of
certain bacteria.
 Sweat gland~ located deep in the dermis &
open up through pores onto the surface of the
skin.

3 TYPES OF MUSCLE
Smooth muscle~ a muscle that contracts
without conscious control and found in walls of
internal organs such as stomach and intestine
and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the
heart)
 Cardiac muscle~ The muscle of the heart,
consisting of transversely striated muscle fibers
formed of cells united at intercalated disks; the
myocardium. Also called the muscle of the
heart.
 Skeletal muscle~voluntary muscle made up of
elongated, multinucleated, transversely
striated muscle fibers. It has bony
attachments. Also called the striated muscle.

MUSCLE
Actin~ thin filament made of protein.
 Myosin~ thick filament made of protein.
 Filament~ a long slender cell or series of
attached cells.
 Myofibril~ one of many contractile filaments
that make up a striated muscle fiber.

SUTRUCTURE: ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE
Compact bone~ tubular structures know as
osteon or Haversain. Living bone cells known
as osteocytes receive nutrients & oxygen from
small blood vellels running within the osteon
systems.
 Spongy bone~ Like a sponge, it contains holes
& spores. This less dense bone is surrounded by
compact bone.
 Medullary cavity~ the marrow cavity in the
shaft of a long bone.
 Bone marrow~ a fatty network of connective
tissue that fills the cavities of bones.

RED AND YELLOW BONE MARROW
Red bone marrow~ found in the humerus,
femur, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, & pelvis.
Production site of red blood cells, white blood
cells, & cell fragments involved in blood
clotting.
 Yellow bone marrow~ found in other bones. It
consists of stored fats.

Skeletal Continued
Joints-where
two or more
bones meet.
Ligaments connect
bones to other bones.
Tendons connect muscle
to bone.
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Liver~ large, complex organ. One function is to
produce bile. Some others are to convert
glucose to glycogen, produce urea, make
certain amino acids, filter harmful substances
from the blood, store vitamins and minerals,
producing cholesterol, & maintain a proper
balance of glucose in the blood.
 Stomach~ muscular, pouch-like enlargement
of the digestive track. Chemical & physical
digestion take place here.
 Gallbladder~ stores bile, although it is not an
organ that you must have.

FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Pancreas~ soft, flattened gland that secretes
both digestive enzymes &hormones.
 Small intestine~ muscular tube, about 6 meters
long with a diameter of 2.5 cm. Digestion of
meals is completed in the small intestine.
 Large intestine~ also called the colon, is a
muscular tube, about 1.5 meters long with a
diameter of 6.5 cm. The large intestine absorbs
water and excretes solid waste material from
the foods that we eat.

FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Nasal cavity~ cavity on either side of the nasal
septum, extending from the nares to the
pharynx, and lying between the floor of the
cranium and the roof of the mouth. Its function
is to condition the air which will go to the
respiratory tract & the nose.
 Esophagus~ muscular membranous tube for
the passage of food from the pharynx to the
stomach.
 Larynx~ cartilaginous structure at the top of the
trachea. It contains vocal cords that that are
the source of the vocal tone in speech.
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FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Trachea~ tubelike passageway that leads to
the bronchi, which lead to the lungs.
 Lungs~ Spongy organs in the chest of air
breathing vertebrae animals. The take oxygen
from the blood passing through the lungs and
convert it into carbon dioxide. Air enters and
leaves the lungs through the bronchial tubes.
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Generalized Neuron
External & Internal Brain
Ear & Eye