Transcript world trade routes

WORLD TRADE ROUTES
BY:-KUNAL ARORA
PGDM-2
TRADE IN OUR WORLD IS AS OLD AS CIVILIZATION ITSELF.
INTERNATIONAL AND INTER-CONTINENTAL COMMERCIAL
TRADE ROUTES BEGAN TO TAKE SHAPE FROM AROUND
1,500 B.C. IN ASIA. THE WEST ASIAN, CHINESE AND INDIAN
SOCIETIES WERE THE FIRST ONES TO DEVELOP MAJOR
TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS FOR THE PURPOSES OF
COMMERCIAL TRADE.
BEFORE WE REVIEW THE MODERN TRADE ROUTES IN
ASIA, WE MUST TAKE A LOOK AT THE ANCIENT TRADE
ROUTES TO UNDERSTAND THE HISTORIC IMPORTANCE OF
TRADE IN ASIA.
ANCIENT TRADE ROUTES
IN ASIA
THE INCENSE ROUTE: IT
WAS A COMBINED LAND
PLUS WATERWAY ROUTE
THAT SERVED THE ROLE OF
A TRADING CHANNEL FOR
INDIAN, MIDDLE EASTERN
AND EAST ASIAN CARGOES.
THE SILK ROUTE
• IMPORTANCE OF SILK TRADE DISCOVERED BY HAN WUDI
• LINKED ASIA TO EUROPE
• TRADED ITEMS SUCH AS TEA, POTTERY, SALT, SPICES, PERFUMES, GOLD, WINE
AND GLASS
• CHINESE TRADERS NEED NOT TRAVEL OUT OF CHINA TO TRADE
• CHINA GREW RICH THROUGH THE TRADE OF SILK
THE SILK ROUTE: IT WAS
PRIMARILY A ROAD ROUTE,
WHICH BECAME ONE OF THE
EARLIEST CONNECTIONS
BETWEEN THE EASTERN AND
THE WESTERN CIVILIZATIONS.
THE SILK ROADS BECAME A
SIGNIFICANT OUTLET FOR THE
SPREAD OF BUDDHISM AND
OTHER CULTURAL EXCHANGES
AND INTERACTIONS WHICH
WERE SUPPORTED BY VARIOUS
EMPIRES OF THAT PERIOD.
SILK ROADS
TRADE ROUTES OF AFRICA
THE SPICE ROUTE:
INDIA BECAME THE
LARGEST EXPORTER OF
SPICES TO THE WESTERN
WORLD, AND THE SPICE
ROUTE BECAME AN
IMPORTANT
CONNECTION BETWEEN
INDIA, MIDDLE EAST
AND THE GRECO-ROMAN
REGIONS.
MODERN TRADE ROUTES IN ASIA:
IN MODERN TIMES, THE TRADE NETWORK IS
HIGHLY TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED AND
COMPLEX LIKE A SPIDER’S WEB.
LARGE VOLUMES OF TRADE ARE CARRIED
OUT BY THE MEANS OF ROAD NETWORKS
(HIGHWAYS), RAILWAY NETWORKS, MARITIME
NETWORKS (SEA ROUTES), AND AIR
NETWORKS (AIR ROUTES).
TRADE IN CHINA
OVERLAND TRADE
• THE SILK ROAD
• INTERACTION WITH FOREIGNERS BEGAN
• CHINESE EMPEROR BANNED PEOPLE FROM TRAVELLING OUTSIDE THE EMPIRE
CHINA IS FAST EMERGING AS ONE OF
THE LARGEST TRADING NATIONS IN
THE WORLD, AND IN RECENT YEARS, IT
HAS INVESTED LARGE AMOUNTS OF
MONEY TO DEVELOP EXTENSIVE
INFRASTRUCTURES TO FACILITATE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE. AS A RESULT
CHINA IS BECOMING A CRUCIAL EAST
ASIAN GATEWAY TO CENTRAL ASIA
AND EUROPE.
LIANYUNGANG PORT OF CHINA
THE BUSY EUROPEAN PORT OF ROTTERDAM
(HOLLAND) HAVE BEEN CONNECTED
TOGETHER BY A GRAND, 11,000 KMS LONG
RAILWAY LINK. THE TIANJIN PORT IN CHINA
HAS ALSO BECOME AN IMPORTANT LINK
FOR TRADE WITH WESTERN EUROPE AND
RUSSIA.
Russia
RUSSIA HAS DEVELOPED
MAJOR PORTS ALONG THE
BLACK SEA AND CASPIAN
SEA COASTS, IN ORDER TO
ENCOURAGE MAXIMUM
TRADE WITH WESTERN
EUROPE AND ASIA THROUGH
ITS TERRITORIES.
THE NORTH-SOUTH CORRIDOR IS A
MAJOR INTER-CONTINENTAL
TRANSPORTATION ROUTE, WHICH HAS
MUMBAI PORT OF INDIA AS ONE OF
ITS MAJOR STARTING POINTS. SHIPS
THEN GO TOWARDS
THE BANDAR ABBAS
TRANSPORTATION HUB IN IRAN,
WHICH SERVES THE ENTIRE PERSIAN
GULF REGION. CURRENTLY, THE
BANDAR ABBAS HUB IS HANDLING
THE MAXIMUM TRADE VOLUMES
BETWEEN INDIA AND CENTRAL ASIA.
WHAT WAS THE SUEZ CANAL ?
• THE SUEZ CANAL OPENED TO TRAFFIC IN NOVEMBER 1869
• IT WAS BUILT BY FRENCHMAN FERDINAND DE LESSEPS USING EGYPTIAN FORCED LABOUR; AN
ESTIMATED 120,000 WORKERS DIED DURING CONSTRUCTION
• IT STRETCHES 192KM (120 MILES) BETWEEN THE MEDITERRANEAN AND THE RED SEA
• IT IS 300M (984FT) WIDE AT ITS NARROWEST POINT
THE SUEZ CANAL REDUCED THE SEA ROUTE TO ASIA
BY 6,000 KM
WHY IS THE CANAL SO IMPORTANT?
• BY 1955 APPROXIMATELY TWO-THIRDS OF EUROPE'S OIL PASSED THROUGH THE CANAL
 ABOUT 7.5% OF WORLD SEA TRADE IS CARRIED VIA THE CANAL TODAY
• RECEIPTS FROM THE CANAL JULY 2005 TO MAY 2006 TOTALLED $3,246M
• IN 2005, 18,193 VESSELS PASSED THROUGH THE CANAL
WHAT BODIES OF WATER DOES IT CONNECT?
• THE TWO BODIES OF WATER THE SUEZ CANAL CONNECTS ARE THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND
THE RED SEA. THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA IS THEN CONNECTED TO THE ATLANTIC OCEAN.
PANAMA CANAL
Panama is an isthmus, a narrow strip of land which has
water on each side and connects two larger bodies of
land.
SHORTCUT
• IF A CANAL WERE BUILT WHERE THE LAND BETWEEN NORTH AMERICA AND SOUTH
AMERICA IS NARROWEST--ACROSS PANAMA--IT COULD SHORTEN THE TRIP BY
NEARLY 8,000 MILES.
THE UNITED STATES
1904 - THE UNITED STATES
BEGINS WORKING ON THE CANAL
1914 - THE CANAL IS COMPLETED
1977 - THE UNITED STATES SIGNS A TREATY WITH PANAMA AND AGREES TO GIVE PANAMA
CONTROL OF THE CANAL IN 1999.
CANAL OPENING-1914
• WHEN THE PANAMA CANAL OPENED OFFICIALLY ON AUGUST 15, 1914, THE WORLD
SCARCELY NOTICED. GERMAN TROOPS WERE DRIVING ACROSS BELGIUM TOWARD
PARIS; THE NEWSPAPERS RELEGATED PANAMA TO THEIR BACK PAGES.
AUGUST 15, 1914
• THE PANAMA CANAL OFFICIALLY OPENS WITH THE INAUGURAL PASSAGE OF THE S.S.
ANCON.
BERMUDA TRIANGLE
• WORLD OCEAN KEEPS MANY SECRETS, THE FIRST AMONG THEM IS THE MYSTERY OF THE
BERMUDA TRIANGLE, WHERE MANY SHIPS AND AIRPLANES HAVE DISAPPEARED IN THE
VISIBLE TIME.
• THE LEGENDS ABOUT THIS STRANGE AREA HAVE ALREADY BEEN KNOWN FOR ABOUT 100
YEARS, BUT NOBODY CAN STILL EXPLAIN STRANGE PHENOMENA TAKING PLACE IN THE
ENCHANTED TRIANGLE.
LOCATION
• THE BERMUDA TRIANGLE IS A LEGENDARY AREA OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN BETWEEN
PUERTO-RICO, FLORIDA AND THE BERMUDA ISLANDS IN WHICH IN THE OPINION OF MANY
EXPLORERS A LOT OF UNACCOUNTABLE EVENTS HAPPEN.
SOME FACTS ABOUT BERMUDA TRIANGLE
• PLANES AND SHIPS HAVE DISAPPEARED IN THE BERMUDA TRIANGLE.
• OVER 8,000 PEOPLE HAVE DISAPPEARED IN THE TRIANGLE.
• PEOPLE HAVE HAD INSTRUMENTS SUCH AS A COMPASS STOP WORKING WHILE IN THE
TRIANGLE.
• THERE HAS ALSO BEEN STRANGE YELLOW FOG SEEN IN THAT AREA.
TRADE SYSTEMS
• CONTINUITIES AND SIMILARITIES
CONTINUITIES OR SIMILARITIES
• TRADE BETWEEN ECOLOGICAL ZONES STARTED THE LARGER TRADE
SYSTEMS.
• TRADE WAS OFTEN “RELAY” TRADE (NOT BETWEEN “COUNTRIES”
• ROUTES HELD GREAT DIVERSITY IN CULTURES.
CONTINUITIES OR SIMILARITIES
• IDEAS AND CULTURE SPREAD ALONG WITH GOODS!
• “LUXURY” ITEMS MADE UP A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF THE GOODS TRADED ON THE
ROUTES.
• SILK TEXTILES, PORCELAIN, COTTON TEXTILES, SPICES, FRAGRANCES, PRECIOUS METALS, IVORY,
WINE
•THANK YOU HAVE A
HAPPY TRADE JOURNEY