Transcript Slide 1
The Urban Dimension in the European Development Policy Raul MATEUS PAULA EuropeAid, Centralised operations for ACP countries EuropeAid Urban development : Definition EuropeAid • Urbanisation is above all : A spatial expansion process (where people form communities over a small area) A social process generating contradictions A refuge during armed conflicts/instability 2 Urban development : Definition • Three conditions A surplus of agricultural production for feeding the non-producers Trading mechanisms for the distribution of goods Political regulations governing the use of the surplus by non-producers 3 EuropeAid Urban development : Challenges • A major sector for development aid, considering that : Urbanisation is a planetary phenomenon Urbanisation is inevitable and irreversible 4 EuropeAid Urban development : Challenges • A great challenge : Manage the phenomenal growth of the urban population Deal with the related problem of slums Deal with the climatic change (adapt and mitigate) 5 EuropeAid Urban development : Response EuropeAid • Recognize the positive role of urbanization for economic and social development, as well as and cultural changes • Recognize the existence of pockets of high poverty • Adapt the scale of interventions at the regional and local level • Emphasize the urban dimension of infrastructure projects • Build resilience to disasters 6 Urban development : Response EuropeAid • Reinforce the territorial dimension of institutional reforms by decentralizing and by supporting local governments management • Support the fight against poverty via cross-cutting issues in relation with urban development: health / environment / gender considerations / good governance / migration issues 7 Urban development : type of EC-funded projects 3 areas of cooperation : • Rehabilitation and reconstruction of basic urban infrastructures following conflicts and natural disasters • Risks reduction and disaster prevention • Urban operations – Buildings for health and education, markets, judiciary… – Solid and liquid waste management – Technical assistance to municipalities / urban micro projects – Slum upgrading and improving living conditions in towns – Cultural heritage protection and preservation of historical sites and buildings – Local economic development and micro-finance 8 EuropeAid EC presence in the ACP regions EuropeAid • In all ACP ad-hoc operations, mostly of social/transport/water character. - LRRD activities, as part of security and recovery strategy (RDC, Haiti, Liberia…) - with UN-HABITAT: “Slum Uprgrading Programme in 30 ACP countries” : urban profiles and action plans to identify areas for support and build a framework for long term interventions 4 M€, started in 2008 - with WB Trust-fund “Cities Alliance”: Anti-slum strategies and urban poverty reduction, EC participation of 0.75 M€, approved 2007 • In South Africa Many urban programs ranging from local economic development, municipal strengthening, to urban infrastructures. 9 DEV-URB Statistics EuropeAid EC Commitments between 1995 and 2006 by Sub-sectors 1% 4% 6% 13% 44% 32% 10 Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Urban Development and Housing Social Infrastructure Disaster Risk Reduction Cultural Buildings and sites Solid Waste Disposal DEV-URB Statistics EuropeAid EC Comitments between 1995 and 2006 by Region 19% 0% 31% 6% 2% 7% 19% 16% 11 Af rican, Caribbean, Pacif ic (EDF) Sout h Af rica (AFS) Cent ral and Lat in America (ALA) Asie (ALA) Balkans (CARDS) Pre-Accession East ern European Count ries (PHARE) Medit erranean count ries and Middle East (MEDA) Ex-soviet count ries and Cent ral Asia (TACIS) Possible themes for future cooperation (other than rehabilitation/recontruction) 12 Describe and orient the cities development (cartography, land-use and master-plans…) Cities governance (institutional reinforcement of municipalities…) Urban economics (equilibrium between affordability and cost-recovery…) Housing and land tenancy issues Access to basic services (health/education, water supply/sanitation…) Urban mobility (identify the needs, global strategy…) Urban security and safety Sustainable cities (environment, urban/rural relationship, local economic development…) Mitigation of climatic change impact (reinforcement of critical infrastructures, C0² limitation strategies…) Inter-city cooperation (both north-south and south-south) Preservation of the cultural heritage EuropeAid MDG urban paradox MDG objective 7.3: « Ensure environmental sustainability – achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million dwellers by 2020 » targets approximately 10% of the existing “stock”, but the slum population will continue to rise up to 1,5 billion by 2020. Conclusion : Slum inhabitants will be multiplied by FIVE in comparison to those whose life, in the meanwhile, would have been improved… 13 EuropeAid EuropeAid 14 • http://circa.europa.eu/Members/irc/europeaid/urbandeveloppment/info/data/urbdevwebsite/en/index_en.htm?cookie=1 Towards sustainable urban development - 1 EuropeAid 15 Towards sustainable urban development - 2 EuropeAid 16