Transcript Towards Wireless Overlay Network Architectures

The Post-PC Era:
It’s All About the New
Services-Enabled Internet
NTT DoCoMo Laboratory
Palo Alto, CA, USA
12 June 2000
Prof. Randy H. Katz
Computer Science Division, EECS Department
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA 94720-1776
[email protected]
Some slides contributed by Prof. Eric Brewer and Dr. Steve McCanne
1
Presentation Outline
•
•
•
•
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
The New Services-Enabled Internet
ICEBERG Project
Summary and Conclusions
2
What is the Internet?
“It’s the TCP/IP Protocol Stack”
Applications
• Applications
Middleware
Services
“Narrow
Waist”
TCP/IP
Transport Services and
Representation Standards
Network
Technology
Substrate
Access
Technologies
Open Data Network
Bearer Service
– Web
– Email
– Video/Audio
• TCP/IP
• Access Technologies
– Ethernet (LAN)
– Wireless (LMDS, WLAN,
Cellular)
– Cable
– ADSL
– Satellite
3
Critical Evolution of the
Internet
• NSFNet
–
–
–
–
1st Gen (1985): 56 kbps /LSI-11s, six SC centers
2nd Gen (1988): T1/IBM RTs, SC sites + regional nets
3rd Gen (1991): T3/RS6000; Migration to MCI PoPs
1993: Commercialization plan; NSF phase out by 4/95;
NCSA Mosaic
– 1994-1995: Privatization of the NSFNet, ISP connectivity,
Network Access Point (NAP) Architecture
– 1995- : vBNS, Internet2, Abilene
• WWW, Netscape
• Telecommunications Act of 1996
– Massive mergers yielding giants like SBC, MCI-WorldcomSprint, AT&T-TCI, AOL-Time Warner, and new service
providers like Qwest
4
Metropolitan Area Exchanges/
Network Access Points
Tier 1 Connections: High speed FDDI switches + routers with huge routing tables
Tier 2 Connections: regional connection points
MAE does not provide peering, just connection b/w to co-located ISPs
5
Digex
Backbone
Qwest
IP
Backbone
(Late
1999)
GTE
Internetworking
Backbone
Various Backbones
6
New Internet Business Model
in the Post-PC Era
Applications
(Portals, E-Commerce,
E-Tainment, Media)
Appl Infrastructure Services
(Distribution, Caching,
Searching, Hosting)
AIP
ISV
Application-specific Servers
(Streaming Media, Transformation)
ASP
Internet
Data Centers
ISP
CLEC
Application-specific
Overlay Networks
(Multicast Tunnels, Mgmt Svrcs)
Global Packet Network
Internetworking
(Connectivity)
7
Services Within the Network:
Caching and Distribution
“Internet Grid”
Parallel Network Backbones
Internet Exchange Points
Co-Location
Scalable Servers
Web
Caches
8
Caching Advantages for
Service Providers
Internet
Local
POP
$
ISP $
Backbone
$
$
Local
POP
Local POP
• Move data closer to
consumer
• Backbone caches save b/w
• Edge caches for QoS
• 4 billion hits/day@AOL!
• Even more crucial for
broadband access
networks, e.g., cable, DSL
Eric Brewer
9
Reverse Caching
Forward Proxy Cache
Cache handles client requests
$
Internet
Reverse Proxy Cache
Cache fronts origin server
Internet
$
Eric Brewer
10
Surge Protection via
Clustered Caches
Reverse caches buffer load
across multiple sites
Hosting Provider Network
www.site 1.com
$ $
Internet
$ $
Reverse Proxy
Cluster
www.site 2.com
www.site 3.com
www.site 4.com
www.site 5.com
www.site 6.com
Eric Brewer
11
Content Distribution
We can connect these caches!
ISP Network
Hosting Provider Network
$ $
$ $
Forward
Caches
Internet
$ $
$ $
Reverse Proxy
Cluster
Push content out to the edge
Eric Brewer
12
Example: Application-level
Multicast
Solve the multicast management and peering
problems by moving up the protocol stack
Isolated
multicast
clouds
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
Traditional
unicast
peering
Steve McCanne
13
Multicast as an
Infrastructure Service
• Global multicast as an “infrastructure service”,
not a core network primitive
– Circumvents technical/operational/business barriers of no
interdomain multicast routing, management, billing
• No coherent architecture for infrastructure
services, because of end-to-end principle
• Needed: Service stack to complement the IP
protocol stack
– Open redirection
– Content-level peering
Steve McCanne
14
The Service Stack
End
Host
Applications
End host
Services
TCP
service
End-to-end
argument
here
Router
IP service
Network
Services
Steve McCanne
15
The Service Stack
End
Host
Applications
TCP
service
DNS
stub
Overlay
DNS
Router
IP service
End host
Services
Infrastructure
Services
Network
Services
Steve McCanne
16
The Service Stack
End
Host
Overlay
Router
Applications
DNS
TCP
service
Cache
Services
stub
Proxy
Services
IP service
DNS
End host
Services
Infrastructure
Services
Network
Services
Steve McCanne
17
The Service Stack
End
Host
Applications
DNS
TCP
service
stub
redirection
Overlay
Router
Cache
Services
Proxy
Services
IP service
DNS
End host
Services
Infrastructure
Services
Network
Services
Steve McCanne
18
Broadcast Overlay Architecture
Broadcasters
Content
Broadcast
Network
Content Distribution
Through Multicast
Overlay Network
Load Balancing Thru
Server Redirection;
Edge
Servers
Inter-ISP Redirection
Peering
Redirection
Fabric
Content
Broadcast
Management
Platform and
Tools
Clients
Steve McCanne
19
A New Kind of Internet
• Actively push services towards the edges:
caches, content distribution points
• Manage redirection, not routes
• New applications-specific protocols
–
–
–
–
Push content to the edge
Invalidate remote content for freshness
Collate remote logs into a single log
Internet TV/Radio: streaming media that works
• Twilight of the end-to-end argument
– Trusted service providers/network intermediaries
– Service providers create own application-specific overlays,
e.g., cache and streaming media content distribution
20
The Post-PC Era
• Services spanning access networks, to achieve high
performance and manage diversity of end devices
• Not about specific Information Appliances
• Builds on the New Internet: multiple applicationspecific “overlay” networks, with new kinds of
service-level peering
• Pervasive support for services within “intelligent”
networks
–
–
–
–
Automatic replication
Document routing to caches
Compression & mirroring
Data transformation
21
The ICEBERG Project
Bridge to the
Future
“Beyond Third
Generation Cellular
Networks:
The Integration of
Internet and Telephony
Technology”
Randy Katz, Anthony Joseph
http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu
Cellular “Core” Network
22
The Future: Internet-based
Open Services Architecture
“Today, the telecommunications sector is beginning to
reshape itself, from a vertically to a horizontally
structured industry. … [I]t used to be that new
capabilities were driven primarily by the carriers. Now,
they are beginning to be driven by the users. … There’s a
universe of people out there who have a much better idea
than we do of what key applications are, so why not give
those folks the opportunity to realize them. … The
smarts have to be buried in the ‘middleware’ of the
network, but that is going to change as more-capable
user equipment is distributed throughout the network.
When it does, the economics of this industry may also
change.”
George Heilmeier, Chairman Emeritus, Bellcore
23
Transparent Information Access
Speech-to-Text
Speech-to-Voice Attached-Email
Call-to-Pager/Email Notification
Email-to-Speech
All compositions
of the above!
Universal In-box
Policy-based
Location-based
Activity-based
24
ICEBERG Goals
• Demonstrate ease of new service deployment
– Packet voice for computer-telephony integration
– Speech- and location-enabled applications
– Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the
PDAs, pads, pagers, phones (4 P’s)
– Mobility and generalized routing redirection
• Demonstrate new service architecture supporting
innovative applications
– Personal Information Management
» Universal In-box: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail
» Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager
– Home networking and control of “smart” spaces, sensor/actuator
integration
» Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall
25
Experimental Testbed
Velo
Nino
IBM
WorkPad
MC-16
Motorola
Pagewriter 2000
CF788
306 Soda
405 Soda
326 Soda “Colab”
GSM BTS
TCI @Home
Smart Spaces
Personal Information Management
WLAN /
Bluetooth
Pager
SimMillennium
Network
Infrastructure
H.323
GW
Millennium Cluster
Millennium Cluster
26
ICEBERG Feature Set
• Potentially Any Network Services (PANS)
– Any service can from any network by any device;
network/device independence in system design
• Personal Mobility
– Person as communication endpoint with single identity
• Service Mobility
– Retain services across networks
• Easy Service Creation and Customization
– Allow callee control & filtering
• Scalability, Availability, Fault Tolerance
• Security, Authentication, Privacy
27
ICEBERG Architectural Elements
• ICEBERG Access Point (IAP)
– Encapsulates network specific gateway (control and data)
• ICEBERG Point of Presence (iPOP)
– Performs detailed signaling
» Call Agent: per communication device per call party
» Call Agent Dispatcher: deploy call agent
• Name Mapping Service
– Mapping between iUID (Iceberg Unique ID) and service end point
• Preference Registry
– Contains user profile: service subscription, configuration, customization
• Personal Activity Tracker (PAT)
– Tracks dynamic information about user of interest
• Automatic Path Creation Service
– Creates datapath among participants’ communications devices
28
Transformation and Redirection
Pager
GW
Cellular
Network
iPOP
IAP
Transducer
Agent
iPOP
GW
iPOP
IP Core
WLAN
GW
Redirection
iPOP
Agent
H.323
GW
PSTN
29
ICEBERG Signaling System
• Signaling System
– Distributed system w/agents communicating via signaling
protocol for call setup, routing, & control
• ICEBERG Basic Call Service
– Communication of two or more call participants using any
number of communication devices via any kind of media
– If call participant uses more than one devices, must be
used synchronously
• Essential Approach
– Loosely coupled, soft state-based signaling protocol
w/group communication
– Call Session: a collection of call agents that communicate
with each other
30
Signaling: Call Session Establishment
Alice
1
IAP
2
3
iPOP
Call Agent
Dispatcher
Call Agent
Dispatcher
3
4
Call
Agent
iPOP
Carol
16
IAP
iPOP
Call Agent
Dispatcher
13
15
Call
Agent
5
Call
Agent
12
Bob
11
7
10
Name Mapping
Service
14
8
9
IAP
6
Preference
Registry
31
Conclusions
• Emerging Network-centric Distributed Architecture
spanning processing and access
• Open, composable services architecture--the wide-area
“operating system” of the 21st Century
• Beyond the desktop PC: information appliances
supported by infrastructure services--multicast realtime media plus proxies for any-to-any format
translation and delivery to diverse devices
• Common network core: optimized for data, based on IP,
enabling packetized voice, supporting user, terminal,
and service mobility
32