Transcript KTH@Wireless - BNRG - University of California, Berkeley

The Post-PC Era:
It’s All About Services
Randy H. Katz
The United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor
Computer Science Division, EECS Department
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA
[email protected]
1
Presentation Outline
•
•
•
•
•
Convergence, Divergence, Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Networks
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
2
Presentation Outline
•
•
•
•
•
Convergence, Divergence, Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Networks
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
3
Evolution of the Computer
First Color TV
Broadcast, 1953
HBO Launched,
1972
Telephone,
1876
Interactive TV,
1990
Early Wireless
Phones, 1978
Computer
+ Modem
1957
First PC
Altair,
1974
IBM
PC,
1981
Handheld Portable
Phones, 1990
Apple
Apple
IBM
Mac, Powerbook, Thinkpad,
1984
1990
1992
Eniac, 1947
HP
Palmtop,
1991
Pentium
PC, 1993
Apple
Newton,
1993
Red Herring, 10/99
4
Evolution of the Computer
Atari Home
Pong, 1972
Pentium
PC, 1993
Game Consoles
Personal Digital Assistants
Digital VCRs (TiVo, ReplayTV)
Communicators
Smart Telephones
E-Toys (Furby, Aibo)
Network
Computer,
1996
Free
PC, 1999
Sega
Dreamcast,
1999
Internet-enabled
Smart Phones,
1999
Pentium II
PC, 1997
Apple
iMac, 1998
Palm VII
PDA, 1999
Proliferation of diverse
end devices and access networks
Red Herring, 10/99
5
After the PC …
•
•
•
•
Not about gadgets or access technologies
About services and applications
Increasing, not decreasing, diversity
Enabled by computing embedded in
communications fabric
6
The Shape of Things Now
• Siemens SL45
– A cellular phone with voice
command, voice dialing, intelligent
text for short messages
– An MP3 player & headset
– A digital voice recorder
– Supports “Mobile Internet” with a
built-in WAP Browser
– Can store
» 45 minutes of music
» 5 hours of voice notes
» “Unlimited” addresses/phone
numbers
7
Presentation Outline
•
•
•
•
•
Convergence, Divergence, Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Networks
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
8
Network “Cloud”
9
Regional Nets + Backbone
Regional
Net
Regional
Net
Regional
Net
Backbone
Regional
Net
Regional
Net
LAN
LAN
Regional
Net
LAN
10
Backbones + NAPs + ISPs
ISP
ISP
ISP
NAP
Backbones
Business
ISP
LAN
LAN
NAP
ISP
Consumer
ISP
LAN
Dial-up
11
Core Networks + Access Networks
DSL
Always on
Cable
Head Ends
@home
Covad
Cingular
Cell
Cell
Cell
LAN
NAP
Core
Networks
NAP
ISP
Satellite
Fixed Wireless
Sprint
LAN
AOL
LAN
Dial-up
12
Computers Inside the Core
DSL
Always on
Cable
Head Ends
@home
Covad
Cingular
Cell
Cell
Cell
LAN
NAP
NAP
ISP
Satellite
Fixed Wireless
Sprint
LAN
AOL
LAN
Dial-up
13
New Internet Services
Business Model
Applications
(Portals, E-Commerce,
E-Tainment, Media)
Appl Infrastructure Services
(Distribution, Caching,
Searching, Hosting)
AIP
ISV
Application-specific Servers
(Streaming Media, Transformation)
ASP
Internet
Data Centers
ISP
CLEC
Application-specific
Overlay Networks
(Multicast Tunnels, Mgmt Svrcs)
Global Packet Network
Internetworking
(Connectivity)
14
Presentation Outline
•
•
•
•
•
Convergence, Divergence, Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Networks
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
15
Services Within the Network:
Content Distribution
“Internet Grid”
Parallel Network Backbones
Internet Exchange Points
Co-Location
Scalable Servers
Web
Caches
16
Services in the Internet:
Napster, Gnutella, Freenet, …
• Something more than illegally sharing RIP’d
music and videos from CDs and DVDs …
• Cooperative construction of directories
– Peer-to-peer computing vs. client-server computing
– No centralized index/performance hot spot/target for
denial of service attack, etc.
– BUT existing “chatty” implementations generate a lot of
network traffic
• Technologies will evolve for efficient sharing
of information within communities
– E.g., Lotus Notes, newsgroups, etc.
– Linking library catalogs together
17
Services Within the Network:
Streaming Media
Broadcasters
Content
Broadcast
Network
Content Distribution
Through Multicast
Overlay Network
Load Balancing Thru
Server Redirection;
Edge
Servers
Inter-ISP Redirection
Peering
Redirection
Fabric
Content
Broadcast
Management
Platform and
Tools
Clients
Steve McCanne
18
Service-Level Peering
Via Redirection
• Need common architecture to allow different
vendors to create different components and
work with one another while still competing
• The challenges
–
–
–
–
Define the redirection architecture
New client/infrastructure protocol & API (a la DNS)
Do so in backward compatible way
Others…
• One of the next big architectural issues for
the Internet…
McCanne, FFNets
19
Enabled by ApplicationSpecific Overlay Networks
E.g., solve the multicast management and
peering problems by moving up the protocol
stack
Isolated
multicast
clouds
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
Traditional
unicast
peering
Steve McCanne
20
Application-Level
Servers/Routers
Solve the multicast management and peering
problems by moving up the protocol stack
Steve McCanne
21
The Service Stack
End
Host
Applications
End host
Services
TCP
service
End-to-end
argument
here
Router
IP service
Network
Services
Steve McCanne
22
The Service Stack
End
Host
Applications
TCP
service
DNS
stub
Overlay
DNS
Router
IP service
End host
Services
Infrastructure
Services
Network
Services
Steve McCanne
23
The Service Stack
End
Host
Overlay
Router
Applications
DNS
TCP
service
Cache
Services
stub
Proxy
Services
IP service
DNS
End host
Services
Infrastructure
Services
Network
Services
Steve McCanne
24
The Service Stack
End
Host
Applications
DNS
TCP
service
stub
redirection
Overlay
Router
Cache
Services
Proxy
Services
IP service
DNS
End host
Services
Infrastructure
Services
Network
Services
Steve McCanne
25
Service Elements for Internet
Broadcast
End
Host
Applications
TCP
service
redirection
DNS
stub
stub
Overlay
Broadcast
Router
Redirection
DNS
IP and Scoped IP Multicast
End host
Services
Infrastructure
Services
Network
Services
Steve McCanne
26
Presentation Outline
•
•
•
•
•
Convergence, Divergence, Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Networks
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
27
The iMode Story
• 21 million Internet-capable
cellular phone subscribers
• NTTDoCoMo has become the
world’s largest ISP!
• Most frequent used applications:
–
–
–
–
Voice conversations
Text messages
Animated cartoons
Specialized ringing tones
• Japanese teenagers, especially
females, driving the competitive
development of new services!
28
Huge Expense of New
Telecomms Infrastructures
• Auctions for 3G spectrum: 150 billion ECU;
Capital outlays may match spectrum expenses,
all before first revenue
• Build it, but will they come?
– Compelling services make the difference
• Alternative business model
– Collaborative deployment of wireless infrastructure
– Competitive provisioning of services
• Better way to build a network? …
– Partition frequencies based on subscriber density
– Eliminate duplicate antenna sites
– Leverage common backhaul networks
29
Application Services in the
Mobile Wireless Network
• Enabling more user-centered/adaptive apps
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
User preference management services
Application coordination services
Context-awareness services
Content-localization services
Mobility-model extraction services
Content adaptation to access network performance
Content adaptation to access client capabilities
Storage migration in response to user mobility
• Special about mobile wireless?
– Exploitation of location and mobility
– Resource constrained nature of wireless environment
30
Infrastructure Services in the
Mobile Wireless Network
• Forming dynamic confederations
– Discovering confederates, establishing trust
• Open service/resource allocation model
–
–
–
–
Service creation, establishment, placement;
Exchange resources, capabilities, status;
Allocate based on economic methods;
Manage trust among participants;
• Service brokering/peering
– Dynamically construct overlays on component services
provided by underlying service providers
– Redirect to alternative service instances
31
Presentation Outline
•
•
•
•
•
Convergence, Divergence, Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Networks
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
32
The Post-PC Era
• Not about specific Information Appliances
• Services spanning access networks, to achieve
high performance/manage end device diversity
• Builds on the New Internet
– Opening up of the connectivity “cloud”
– Embedding computing in the communications fabric
• Pervasive support for “intelligent” services
– Near you for faster access, more personalized, more localized
– Scalable to deal with surges in demand as needed
33