Transcript INET01 - BNRG - University of California, Berkeley

Ninja
Iceberg
Endeavour
Sahara
The Services-Enabled Internet:
Implications for
Mobile Wireless Networks
Randy H. Katz
The United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor
Computer Science Division, EECS Department
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA
[email protected]
Some slides contributed by Prof. Eric Brewer and Dr. Steve McCanne
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Presentation Outline
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Convergence, Divergence, Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Networks
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
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Presentation Outline
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Convergence, Divergence, Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Internet
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
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Evolution of the Computer
First Color TV
Broadcast, 1953
HBO Launched,
1972
Telephone,
1876
Interactive TV,
1990
Early Wireless
Phones, 1978
Computer
+ Modem
1957
First PC
Altair,
1974
IBM
PC,
1981
Handheld Portable
Phones, 1990
Apple
Apple
IBM
Mac, Powerbook, Thinkpad,
1984
1990
1992
Eniac, 1947
HP
Palmtop,
1991
Pentium
PC, 1993
Apple
Newton,
1993
Red Herring, 10/99
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Evolution of the Computer
Atari Home
Pong, 1972
Pentium
PC, 1993
Game Consoles
Personal Digital Assistants
Digital VCRs (TiVo, ReplayTV)
Communicators
Smart Telephones
E-Toys (Furby, Aibo)
Network
Computer,
1996
Free
PC, 1999
Sega
Dreamcast,
1999
Internet-enabled
Smart Phones,
1999
Pentium II
PC, 1997
Apple
iMac, 1998
Palm VII
PDA, 1999
Proliferation of diverse
end devices and access networks
Red Herring, 10/99
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Information Appliances
• Different design constraints based on
intended use, enhances ease of use
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Desktop PC
Mobile PC
Desktop “Smart” Phone
Mobile Telephone
Personal Digital Assistant
Set-top Box
Digital VCR
…
• Implications:
– Shift from computer design to consumer design
– Heterogeneous “standards,” hybrid networking
– Interactive networking, access on demand, QoS
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Presentation Outline
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Convergence, Divergence, and Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Internet
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
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Network “Cloud”
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Regional Nets + Backbone
Regional
Net
Regional
Net
Regional
Net
Backbone
Regional
Net
Regional
Net
LAN
LAN
Regional
Net
LAN
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Backbones + NAPs + ISPs
ISP
ISP
ISP
NAP
Backbones
Business
ISP
LAN
LAN
NAP
ISP
Consumer
ISP
LAN
Dial-up
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Core Networks + Access Networks
DSL
Always on
Cable
Head Ends
@home
Covad
Cingular
Cell
Cell
Cell
LAN
NAP
Core
Networks
NAP
ISP
Satellite
Fixed Wireless
Sprint
LAN
AOL
LAN
Dial-up
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Computers Inside the Core
DSL
Always on
Cable
Head Ends
@home
Covad
Cingular
Cell
Cell
Cell
LAN
NAP
NAP
ISP
Satellite
Fixed Wireless
Sprint
LAN
AOL
LAN
Dial-up
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New Internet Services
Business Model
Applications
(Portals, E-Commerce,
E-Tainment, Media)
Appl Infrastructure Services
(Distribution, Caching,
Searching, Hosting)
AIP
ISV
Application-specific Servers
(Streaming Media, Transformation)
ASP
Internet
Data Centers
ISP
CLEC
Application-specific
Overlay Networks
(Multicast Tunnels, Mgmt Svrcs)
Global Packet Network
Internetworking
(Connectivity)
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Presentation Outline
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•
•
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Convergence, Divergence, Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Internet
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
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Services Within the Network:
Content Distribution
“Internet Grid”
Parallel Network Backbones
Internet Exchange Points
Co-Location
Scalable Servers
Web
Caches
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Services in the Internet:
Napster, Gnutella, Freenet, …
• Something more than illegally sharing RIP’d
music and videos from CDs and DVDs …
• Cooperative construction of directories
– Peer-to-peer computing vs. client-server computing
– No centralized index/performance hot spot/target for
denial of service attack, etc.
– BUT existing “chatty” implementations generate a lot of
network traffic
• Technologies will evolve for efficient sharing
of information within communities
– E.g., Lotus Notes, newsgroups, etc.
– Linking library catalogs together
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Services Within the Network:
Streaming Media
Broadcasters
Content
Broadcast
Network
Content Distribution
Through Multicast
Overlay Network
Load Balancing Thru
Server Redirection;
Edge
Servers
Inter-ISP Redirection
Peering
Redirection
Fabric
Content
Broadcast
Management
Platform and
Tools
Clients
Steve McCanne
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Enabled by ApplicationSpecific Overlay Networks
E.g., solve the multicast management and
peering problems by moving up the protocol
stack
Isolated
multicast
clouds
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
multicast
cloud
Traditional
unicast
peering
Steve McCanne
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Application-Level
Servers/Routers
Solve the multicast management and peering
problems by moving up the protocol stack
Steve McCanne
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Presentation Outline
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Convergence, Divergence, Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Internet
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
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The iMode Story
• 21 million+ Internet-capable
cellular phone subscribers
• NTTDoCoMo has become the
world’s largest ISP!
• Most frequent used applications:
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Voice conversations
Text messages
Animated cartoons
Specialized ringing tones
• Japanese teenagers, especially
females, driving the competitive
development of new services!
– Services have the half-life of “fashion”
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Huge Expense of New
Telecomms Infrastructures
• Auctions for 3G spectrum: 150 billion ECU;
Capital outlays may match spectrum expenses,
all before first revenue
• Build it, but will they come?
– Compelling services make the difference
• Alternative business model
– Collaborative deployment of wireless infrastructure
– Competitive provisioning of services
• Better way to build a network? …
– Partition frequencies based on subscriber density
– Eliminate duplicate antenna sites
– Leverage common backhaul networks
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Business Unusual: Coopetition
Virtual Operator “leases”
frequencies from a
Real Operator, on-demand,
based on the density
of its subscribers
Subscriber-Less
Cell Site
Operators
Access Network
Access Network
Backhaul
Network
PSTN
Network
Backhaul
Network
Internet
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The Case for Horizontal
Architectures
“The new rules for success will be to provide one
part of the puzzle and to cooperate with
other suppliers to create the complete
solutions that customers require. ... [V]ertical
integration breaks down when innovation
speeds up. The big telecoms firms that will
win back investor confidence soonest will be
those with the courage to rip apart their
monolithic structure along functional layers,
to swap size for speed and to embrace rather
than fear disruptive technologies.”
The Economist Magazine, 16 December 2000
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Application Services in the
Mobile Wireless Network
• Enabling more user-centered/adaptive apps
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User preference management services
Application coordination services
Context-awareness services
Content-localization services
Mobility-model extraction services
Content adaptation to access network performance
Content adaptation to access client capabilities
Storage migration in response to user mobility
• Special about mobile wireless?
– Exploitation of location and mobility
– Resource constrained nature of wireless environment
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Infrastructure Services in the
Mobile Wireless Network
• Forming dynamic confederations
– Discovering confederates, establishing trust
• Open service/resource allocation model
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Service creation, establishment, placement;
Exchange resources, capabilities, status;
Allocate based on economic methods;
Manage trust among participants;
• Service brokering
– Dynamically construct overlays on component services
provided by underlying service providers
– Redirect to alternative service instances
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A New Kind of
Services-Enabled Internet
• Push services towards edges: caches, content
distribution, localization
• Construct service networks from third parties
or confederations: greater support among
mobile operators than conventional ISPs
• Manage redirection, not routes: key to
service-level peering
• New applications-specific protocols
• Twilight of the end-to-end argument?
– Trusted service providers/network intermediaries
– Service providers create own application-specific overlays,
e.g., cache and streaming media content distribution
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The Case for Edge Services
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Wide-area bandwidth “unlimited and for free”
Increasing b/w over access networks
Faster, more predictable response time
Scale, resistance to crippling denial of service attacks
Integrate localized content, exploit local context
Near client, inside access provider, not server
Examples:
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Caching: exploits response time, b/w efficiency, high local b/w
Filtering: form of local content transformation
Internet TV: b/w efficiency, high local b/w, predictable response
Transformation: adapt content for end user/diverse access devices
Software Rental: exploits high local b/w
Games, chat rooms, ….
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Presentation Outline
•
•
•
•
•
Convergence, Divergence, Competition
The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet
Services-Enabled Internet
Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks
Summary and Conclusions
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The Service-Enabled Internet/
Post-PC Era
• Not about specific Information Appliances
• Services spanning access networks, to achieve
high performance/manage end device diversity
• Builds on the New Internet
– Opening up of the connectivity “cloud”
– Embedding computing in the communications fabric
• Pervasive support for “intelligent” services
– Near you for faster access, more personalized, more localized
– Scalable to deal with surges in demand as needed
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Emerging Reference Architecture
Constraint
Specification
Distributed Application
Marshal Resources
Based on Economic Constraints
Service Registration
Service Placement Service
Path Broker
Server Broker
Perf Measurement Service
Verify
SLAs
Path
Provider
(ISP
Cloud)
Path
Provider
(ISP
Path Provider (ISPCloud)
Cloud)
Adapt
Service
Redirection
Pricing
Service
Server Registration
Advertisement
Registration
Path
Provider
(ISP
Cloud)
Path
Provider
(ISP
Cloud)
Server Center Provider
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A New Research Agenda
• New Kind of “Quality of Service”
– Perceived quality depends on services in the network
– Manage caches, redistributors, latency
– Cost/complexity of Service Management?
• Bandwidth no longer an issue
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Tier 1 ISP backbones rapidly moving towards OC 192 (9.6 gbs!)
Better interconnection: hops across ASs decreasing over time
Broadband access networks: cable, DSL, 3G wireless, ...
End-to-end latency/server load dominate performance
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Overlay services: IP Multicast, DNS, …
Rethinking the End-to-End Principle
Service/content-level peering, just like routing-level peering
Secure end-to-end connection compatible with service model?
• Supporting Old Services in the New Internet
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