Transcript BTLabs00

Beyond Third Generation
Cellular Networks:
The Integration of
Internet and Telephony
Technology
Bridge to the
Future
Randy H. Katz
UC Berkeley
BT Labs
31 March 2000
http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu
Cellular “Core” Network
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Outline
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Motivation
It’s all about Services
The ICEBERG Project
Summary and Conclusions
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Outline
•
•
•
•
Motivation
It’s all about Services
The ICEBERG Project
Summary and Conclusions
3
Mobile Telephone & Internet Users
Millions
700
600
Mobile Telephone
Users
500
Internet Users
400
300
200
100
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Source: Ericsson Radio Systems, Inc.
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Data Dominates
United States Network Traffic Growth (gigabits, bn)
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Voice
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IP
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4
2
05
20
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03
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02
20
01
20
00
20
99
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98
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97
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96
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95
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94
0
Source: Nortel in The Economist, 13 Mar 99
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Core Network Becomes
Data-Oriented
Local Switch
Interexchange
Local Exch
Network (IXC)
Net (LEC)
Local Switch
IWF + Router
Local Exch
Net (LEC)
Voice Traffic
Connection-Oriented
Local Exch
Local Switch
PSTN
Local Switch
IWF + Router
Local Exch
Data Traffic
Packet-Oriented
Access
Network
Local Gateway
IP-Based WAN
Core Network
Local Gateway
Access
Network
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Core Network Becomes
Data-Oriented
VoIP Gateway
Packet-Oriented
VoIP Gateway
IP-Based WAN
Router
Router
Access
Network
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Access
Core Network
Network
Appl-specific routing overlays, e.g., info dissemination
Routing infrastructure with DiffServ support
Service-level agreements spanning multiple ISPs
Services running on servers in the infrastructure
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Smart Appliances/Thin Clients
PDA
PCS
Qualcomm PDQ Phone
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• Top Gun Wingman
– “Thin” presentation layer in PDA with
full rendering engine in wireline proxy
• Top Gun MediaBoard
– Participates as a reliable
multicast client via proxy in
wireline network
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Critical Trends
• Multimedia / Voice over IP networks
– Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core network
– Simultaneous support for delay sensitive and delay insensitive
flows via differentiated services
• Intelligence shifts to the network edges
– Third-party functionality downloaded into Information
Appliances like PalmPilots
• Programmable intelligence inside the network
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–
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–
Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure
Mobile/extensible code, e.g., JAVA: “write once, run anywhere”
Rapid new service development
Speech-based services
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Outline
•
•
•
•
Motivation
It’s all about Services
The ICEBERG Project
Summary and Conclusions
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The Future: Internet-based
Open Services Architecture
“Today, the telecommunications sector is beginning to
reshape itself, from a vertically to a horizontally
structured industry. … [I]t used to be that new
capabilities were driven primarily by the carriers. Now,
they are beginning to be driven by the users. … There’s a
universe of people out there who have a much better idea
than we do of what key applications are, so why not give
those folks the opportunity to realize them. … The
smarts have to be buried in the ‘middleware’ of the
network, but that is going to change as more-capable
user equipment is distributed throughout the network.
When it does, the economics of this industry may also
change.”
George Heilmeier, Chairman Emeritus, Bellcore
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Transparent Information Access
Speech-to-Text
Speech-to-Voice Attached-Email
Call-to-Pager/Email Notification
Email-to-Speech
All compositions
of the above!
Universal In-box
Policy-based
Location-based
Activity-based
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Composable Services
• E.g., voice control of A/V devices in a “Smart Room”
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Multistage processing transformation
Strongly typed connectors
Service discovery service
Automated path generation
Path
Audio
Microphone
Cell phone
ICSI
Speech
Recognizer
Text
Text to
Command
A/V
Devices
Cmd
Room
Entity
Response
to Client
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Outline
•
•
•
•
Motivation
It’s all about Services
The ICEBERG Project
Summary and Conclusions
15
ICEBERG: Internet-based core
for CEllular networks BEyond
the thiRd Generation
• Motivation:
– People use a multitude of communication devices and networks:
» Cell phones, PSTN, VoIP, E-mail, V-mail, fax, etc.
» 3G cellular: UMTS/IMT2000
» Wireless LANs: Bluetooth / HomeRF
» Home Access Networks: DSL / Cable modem
– Access to real-time services embedded in diverse networks
• Model: Person-to-Person and Person-to-Service
communication across diverse access networks
– Not device to device!
– Service handoff across devices and access networks
» Potentially Any Network Service (PANS)
– Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost characteristics
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ICEBERG Goals
• Demonstrate ease of new service deployment
– Packet voice for computer-telephony integration
– Speech- and location-enabled applications
– Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the
PDAs, pads, pagers, phones (4 P’s)
– Mobility and generalized routing redirection
• Demonstrate new service architecture supporting
innovative applications
– Personal Information Management
» Universal In-box: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail
» Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager
– Home networking and control of “smart” spaces, sensor/actuator
integration
» Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall
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Experimental Testbed
Velo
Nino
IBM
WorkPad
MC-16
Motorola
Pagewriter 2000
CF788
306 Soda
405 Soda
326 Soda “Colab”
GSM BTS
TCI @Home
Smart Spaces
Personal Information Management
WLAN /
Bluetooth
Pager
SimMillennium
Network
Infrastructure
H.323
GW
Millennium Cluster
Millennium Cluster
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NINJA Distributed Computing Platform
• Bases (1M’s)
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scalable, highly available
persistent state (safe)
databases, agents
“home” base per user
service programming
environment
Wide-Area Path
• Active Proxies (100M’s)
– not packet routers, may be
active networking nodes
– bootstrap thin devices into
infrastructure
– soft-state and well-connected
• Units (1B’s)
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sensors / actuators
PDAs / smartphones / PCs
heterogeneous
Minimal functionality:
“Smart Clients”
Jini
devices
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ICEBERG Feature Set
• Potentially Any Network Services (PANS)
– Any service can from any network by any device;
network/device independence in system design
• Personal Mobility
– Person as communication endpoint with single identity
• Service Mobility
– Retain services across networks
• Easy Service Creation and Customization
– Allow callee control & filtering
• Scalability, Availability, Fault Tolerance
• Security, Authentication, Privacy
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ICEBERG Architectural Elements
• ICEBERG Access Point (IAP)
– Encapsulates network specific gateway (control and data)
• ICEBERG Point of Presence (iPOP)
– Performs detailed signaling
» Call Agent: per communication device per call party
» Call Agent Dispatcher: deploy call agent
• Name Mapping Service
– Mapping between iUID (Iceberg Unique ID) and service end point
• Preference Registry
– Contains user profile: service subscription, configuration, customization
• Personal Activity Tracker (PAT)
– Tracks dynamic information about user of interest
• Automatic Path Creation Service
– Creates datapath among participants’ communications devices
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Transformation and Redirection
Pager
GW
Cellular
Network
iPOP
IAP
Transducer
Agent
iPOP
GW
iPOP
IP Core
WLAN
GW
Redirection
iPOP
Agent
H.323
GW
PSTN
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More Detailed View
PSTN
IAP
IAP
Pager
IAP
GSM
iPOP
iPOP
IAP
Iceberg Network
iPOP
iPOP
IAP
GSM
WaveLAN
IAP
PSTN
Naming Server
Preference Registry
Personal Activity Tracker
APC Server
Cal
Stanford
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More Detailed View
PSTN
IAP
Pager
IAP
GSM
IAP
iPOP
iPOP
IAP
iPOP administration domains
iPOP
GSM
IAP WaveLAN
iPOP
IAP
PSTN
Multicast tunnels
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ICEBERG Signaling System
• Signaling System
– Distributed system w/agents communicating via signaling
protocol for call setup, routing, & control
• ICEBERG Basic Call Service
– Communication of two or more call participants using any
number of communication devices via any kind of media
– If call participant uses more than one devices, must be
used synchronously
• Essential Approach
– Loosely coupled, soft state-based signaling protocol
w/group communication
– Call Session: a collection of call agents that communicate
with each other
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Signaling: Call Session Establishment
Alice
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IAP
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3
iPOP
Call Agent
Dispatcher
Call Agent
Dispatcher
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Call
Agent
iPOP
Carol
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IAP
iPOP
Call Agent
Dispatcher
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Call
Agent
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Call
Agent
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Bob
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Name Mapping
Service
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8
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IAP
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Preference
Registry
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Call Control and Call States
• Control
– For established call session, alter/propagate call states.
Modify datapath correspondingly
• States
– Call party identities, in-use devices in use & their call status,
datapath information on active data streams
• Challenge
– Reliable propagation of call state changes to call agents,
given highly dynamic call session environment
• ICEBERG Approach
– Light Weight Sessions
– IAP: network specific gateways maintain hard state
– IAPs and iPOPs exchange heartbeats; loss triggers recovery
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Light-Weight Call Session
Call
Agent
Call State Table
Announce Call Session
Data Path
Table
Listen
Create/tear down
data path
Add or
remove
path
Call
Agent
Announce
Listen
Call
Agent
Create/tear down
data path
Auto Path
Creation
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New ICEBERG Capabilty:
Service Handoff
• Service handoff occurs when users switch
communication devices in midst of call session
• Enables service mobility
• Service handoff is:
– Generalized call transfer
– Special case of conference call
» User uses one device to invite another device
» Then hangs up the first device
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Service Handoff Scenario:
Cell Phone to Laptop
handoff from
cell phone to
VAT
Cell phone
turned off
Caller
IAP
Callee
IAP
announce
announce
Listen
Listen
Start
Multicast Session
new IAP
announce
Listen
Caller
IAP2
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Service Handoff Scenario
handoff from
cell phone to
VAT
Cell phone
turned off
Caller
IAP
Start
new IAP
announce
Listen
Multicast Session
announce
Listen
Caller
IAP2
Callee
IAP
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Simple reliability scheme
IAP fault tolerant
Simultaneous service handoff
Multiparty calls trivial
Security through encryption
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New ICEBERG Capabilty:
Policy-Based Redirection
Friends &
family calls
Calls during
business hours
Cell Phone
Office Phone
E-mail access
via phone
Home Phone
Calls in the
evening
E-Mail
Important
e-mail headers
Pager
Voice Mail
Anonymous
Calls
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Policy-Based Redirection
Personal
Activity
Tracker
Callee location
Callee state
Other
Personal
State
Preference Registry
Per Call State
e.g., Caller ID
Time of Day
Caller End Point
Type
User
Preference
Profiles
IF (9AM < hour < 5 PM)
THEN Preferred-EndPoint = Office-Phone
IF (5 PM < hour < 11 PM)
THEN Preferred-EndPoint = Home-Phone
IF (11 PM < hour < 9 AM)
THEN Preferred-EndPoint = Voice-Mail
Callee’s Preferred
End Point
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Preference User Interface
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Outline
•
•
•
•
Motivation
It’s all about Services
The ICEBERG Project
Summary and Conclusions
35
Implementation Status
• Much of architecture initially implemented
– IAPs: GSM, PSTN (H.323), WaveLAN; Service handoff
– iPOPs in Berkeley CS LAN: local area components for name
service, pref resolution, activity tracking
• Areas under development:
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Wide-area APC for service composition and instantiation
Graphical capture/playback of user preference specs
Billing architecture
New services to test the architecture:
» Call completion on busy subscriber
» Ninja jukebox to audio information appliance
• Evaluation
– Critical metric is scalability, resistance to failure
– Soft-state vs. hard-state performance tradeoffs
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Summary
Data Plane
Operators
Connectors
APC
Paths
IAP
PRLS
PAT
Ninja Execution
Environment
Bases
Active
Proxies
Units
Control
Plane
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Conclusions
• Emerging Network-centric Distributed Architecture
spanning processing and access
• Open, composable services architecture--the wide-area
“operating system” of the 21st Century
• Beyond the desktop PC: information appliances
supported by infrastructure services--multicast realtime media plus proxies for any-to-any format
translation and delivery to diverse devices
• Common network core: optimized for data, based on IP,
enabling packetized voice, supporting user, terminal,
and service mobility
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