Transcript Internet - Ohio County Schools

• Chapter 1
• Into the Internet
Discovering
the Internet
Fourth Edition
Objectives
• Define the Internet
• Describe how the Internet is used
• Discuss the history of the Internet and the World
Wide Web
• Describe how individuals and businesses connect
to the Internet
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2
Defining the Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide network of computers that
allows individual and business computer users around
the world to share information and other resources and
to conduct business transactions
• The Internet is an interconnected network of networks
where each host has a number of other computers
connected to it
• Users who connect to the Internet to access information
and services are online
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Defining the Internet
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Using the Internet
• The Internet has profoundly changed nearly every
aspect of life by revolutionizing how:
– People access information for personal and business use
– Individual shoppers or commercial buyers purchase
products and services
– People enjoy entertainment offerings
– Students do their school work
– People communicate with friends, family, colleagues, and
others
– Businesses interact with their customers, vendors, and
business partners
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Using the Internet
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Using the Internet
• Who Uses the Internet?
– Students
– Teachers
– Businesspeople
– Professionals
– Homemakers
– Children
– Retirees
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Using the Internet
• People also use the Internet to publish online
diaries, known as a blog (short for weblog)
• Some members of the U.S. Congress and Senate
keep their constituents updated by
microblogging, sending brief text messages
throughout the day to interested subscribers
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Using the Internet
• Internet Activities
– Browsing and searching for information on the World Wide
Web
– Communicating with others through e-mail, text or video
chat, social networking, instant messaging, Web-based
discussion groups, newsgroups, mailing lists, blogs and
microblogs, and other media
– Downloading and uploading files
– Accessing remote computers or servers
– Conducting business activities
– Online shopping
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Using the Internet
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Using the Internet
• Internet Activities – The World Wide Web
– Web pages – created using HTML or Web authoring
software and connected by hyperlinks
– Web site – collection of related Web pages
• College, university, corporate, retail, non-profit, personal
– Web server – computer on which Web pages are
stored
– Web browser – software used to access and view Web
pages
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Using the Internet
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Using the Internet
• Internet Activities
(cont'd)
– Search tools
• Web-based
resource to help
find specific
information on
the Web
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Using the Internet
• Internet Activities (cont'd)
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Using the Internet
• Internet Activities (cont'd)
– Downloading and uploading files – using FTP to send
or retrieve electronic files from a server
• Music, video, data
– Remote Computing
•
•
•
•
Cloud Computing
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
Web conferencing
Telnet
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Using the Internet
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Using the Internet
• Internet Activities (cont'd)
– Conducting business
activities
• E-business
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History of the Internet
• Origins in ARPANET
– Department of Defense founded ARPA to promote
scientific advances
– J.C.R. Licklider headed computer and information
processing research efforts
– Leonard Kleinrock developed packet switching
– ARPANET – prototype network connecting ARPA and
university research centers
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History of the Internet
• Growth and Development of ARPANET
– Ray Tomlinson developed e-mail (1971)
– Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed standard or
protocol for communications over a network TCP and IP
(1972)
• Beyond Research, to the Public
– NSFnet replaced ARPANET (1985)
– Congress authorized commercial activity on the NSFnet
(1992)
– NSFnet moved connections to commercial network
providers (1995)
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History of the Internet
• The Beginnings and Rise
of the Web
– Gopher at University of
Minnesota
• Directory-based system
• Made it easier to find
documents on Internetconnected servers
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History of the Internet
• The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)
– Tim Berners-Lee (1991)
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• First Web browser and Web server
– Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina (1993)
• Mosaic browser
– Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark (1994)
• Netscape Navigator browser
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History of the Internet
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History of the Internet
• The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)
– Research and education networks
• Internet2 (I2)
• CANARIE
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Connecting to the Internet
• Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
– Provide access to the Internet
– Considerations for choosing an ISP
• The speed or bandwidth of the connection
• The type of connection and cost of service
• Availability of customer service and technical support
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Connecting to the Internet
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Connecting to the Internet
• Connection Methods
– Dial-up access
• Computer uses regular telephone lines and a modem to
access the Internet
• Mostly home users
• Considered a temporary
connection
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Connecting to the Internet
• Connection Methods (cont'd)
– Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• An “always on” high-speed Internet connection over
standard telephone wires
• Broadband transmission splitting telephone wire into data
and voice
• Requires firewall protection to prevent intrusion by online
intruders
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Connecting to the Internet
• Connection Methods (cont'd)
– Cable
• An “always on” high-speed Internet connection over cable
TV lines
• Cable modem and line splitter required
• Firewall protection needed
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Connecting to the Internet
• Connection Methods (cont'd)
– Fixed wireless connections
• Microwave
• Fixed wireless connections use microwaves to transmit data
and require specialized outside equipment: an antenna and
a small dish or receiver
– Repeaters
– Wireless Internet service provider (WISP)
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Connecting to the Internet
• Connection Methods (cont'd)
– Fixed wireless connections (cont'd)
• One way or two way satellite transmissions
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Connecting to the Internet
• Connection Methods (cont'd)
– Mobile Wireless
• Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)
technologies to connect to
networks
• Hotspot – specific geographic
location in which a wireless
access point provides public
Internet access
• Wireless access point –
hardware that connects wireless
devices to a network
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Connecting to the Internet
• Connection Methods (cont'd)
– Mobile Broadband
• Mobile data card or modem installed in a computer to allow
it to connect to a wireless network
• Cell phones, smartphones, or PDAs can connect to the
Internet
– High-Speed Business Connections
• Businesses typically use high-speed fiber-optic cable such as
a T1 line connected to their local area network to provide
Internet access to employees
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Connecting to the Internet
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Chapter Summary
• Define the Internet
• Describe how the Internet is used
• Discuss the history of the Internet and the World
Wide Web
• Describe how individuals and businesses connect
to the Internet
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• Chapter 1
• Complete
Discovering
the Internet
Fourth Edition