Transcript c13- The Internetx

Chapter 13
THE INTERNET
Internet- Interconnection and Networks
• “the Net”
• Computers have played a significant role in our everyday
life
• Growth in popularity and networking of computers,
intercommunication
• An enigmatic computer gizmo
• games, music, and generally entertainment
• much broader concept than mere entertainment and
recreational activities
• Revolutionizing and enhancing the ways of human
interaction and communication.
Internet …
It consists of thousands of separately administered
networks of various sizes and types. Each of these
networks comprises tens of thousands of computers.
Total number of users of the Internet is known to be
in millions
unparalleled degree of communication
resource sharing
information access
•
•
•
The most powerful and important technological
advancement since the introduction of the desktop
computer
Evolution of internet
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
ARPANET
and
becomes
known as
the Internet
1969
ARPANET
becomes
functional
1984
ARPANET
has more
than 1,000
individual
computers
linked as
hosts
1996
Internet2 is
founded
1995
NSFNet
terminates
its network
on the
Internet and
resumes
status as
research
network
Today More
than 550
million hosts
connect to
the Internet
Owner Of Internet
No one company or country can be considered as
owner of Internet
Ownership shared among various entities
Coordination:
Internet Society (ISOC)
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
In the US –
ICANN – Internet names and port numbers
Anatomy of Internet
• Host
• Application programs to avail services
• Network
• Two or more hosts communicating
• Router
• Routes the data to destination
A
B
Internet Terminology
• World Wide Web
(WWW)
• the network of HTML
files stored on Web
servers and interlinked
with hyperlinks
• Web page
• Home page
• the Web page that
appears when you start
the browser, the index or
default page of a
particular Web server,
folder, or person's Web
site.
• a hypertext document on • Browser
• a software application
the World Wide Web.
• Website
• A set of related pages
published by an
organization.
used to access the World
Wide Web and view web
pages
Internet Terminology … URL
http://www.northsouth.edu/
courses/mis-105.html
• hypertext transfer protocol = Protocol used
for all files on the web.
•
•
•
The added s indicates a higher
level of security for information
on those pages.
Web server Name/Domain Name
Path, Filename, Domain Name
Dom
ain
Description
.edu
A college or university
.com
Commercial business site
.gov
U.S. Government / non- military
site
.net
Networks, Internet service
providers, organizations &
personal sites
.mil
U.S. Military & Agencies sites
.org
Non-profit organizations and
others
Hypertext
Electronic files containing links that can be selected to
move to another part of the document or to another
document altogether.
A hyperlink is a command embedded in text or an
object which, when clicked, will open another file,
take you to another place in the same file or to a
new location on the internet.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Organization connected permanently to the internet,
leases temporary connections to subscribers.
ISP (Internet
service
provider)
Online service
provider (OSP)
Wireless
Internet service
provider
Regional ISPs provide
Internet access to a
specific geographical
area
Has many membersonly features
Provides wireless
Internet access to
computers and
mobile devices
National ISPs provide
Internet access in
cities and towns
nationwide
Popular OSPs include
AOL (America Online)
and MSN (Microsoft
Network)
May require a
wireless modem
Servers …
• Servers
• computer that receives
and fulfills requests to
provide specific services
on a network.
• A Web server
• is a computer that
delivers requested Web
pages to your computer
• Download
• to copy electronic data
from another computer
to your computer over a
network.
• Upload
• to transfer a file from
your computer to
another computer.
Protocols
TCP/IP: the standard
SMTP: The Simple Mail
suite of protocols used
Transfer Protocol utility
to connect computers
translates between local
on
the
Internet
and
on
and Internet mail
intranets.
formats, allowing clients
to send/receive Internet
NNTP: Network News
e-mail.
Transport Protocol
HTTP: See before
FTP: The File Transfer
Protocol utility enables
file transfers to and
from the server.
Connecting to Internet
Computer & Modem
Internet connection Types
Dialup
Cable Connection
DSL Broadband
Dedicated Leased Line
ISDN
Wireless Connection
Internet’s
Software
• TCP/IP
• Dialer Software
• Browser
Web Browser
Online Demonstration
Internet Usages
E-Mail
FTP
Telnet (Remote Login)
IRC
Chatting and Instant Messaging
Internet Telephony
Video Conferencing
Commerce through Internet
Mailing Lists
Electronic Mail
Email Address Structure
login@mailserver
Checking Email
Sending Email
Email Attachment
How Email Works
Netiquette
Rule 1: Remember the Human
Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that
you follow in real life
Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace
Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth
Rule 5: Make yourself look good online
Rule 6: Share expert knowledge
Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control
Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy
Rule 9: Don't abuse your power
Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes
….
Search Engines
Refining Your Search
Logical operators
• AND
• OR
• NOT
• “” Double Quotes
• () parenthesis for grouping (X OR Y)
• * Asterisk *biryani