Transcript File - Electrical Engineering Department 12th Batch

To Electrical Engineering Department 12th Batch
 Subject:- Computer Applications & E-Learning
 Topic:- Internet & Web
 Lecturer:- Engineer Ehsanullah Memon
Electrical Engineering Department
 Gul Nawaz Khan
 Ammar Mustafa
 Ghulam Hassnain
12K-EL 17
12K-EL 07
12K-EL 26
Group Members
OUTLINES:Internet History
World Wide Web
Browsers & Html Tags
URLs & E-mails
Search Engines
The Internet’s History: The internet as we know it today is actually a very large Wide area
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network (WAN) connecting computers and networks around the
world.
It makes it possible for millions of computers users to connect to
another via telephone lines, cable lines or by satellites.
These connections allow the user to share data and to access
limitless stores of information.
Internet was born in late 1960’s when in 1969 Advance Research
Projects Agency (ARPA) of U.S army defense department joined
the mainframe computers together to form a communication
network in some universities and defense contractors.
The resulting network was called (ARPANET).
Map Demonstrating The Earlier (ARPANET):-
The Agency’s Main Objectives: To create a communication system that could survive a nuclear
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attack or nuclear disaster like earthquake. If one part of network
was destroyed the other was remain intact to flow the data
continuously.
Allow people in remote locations to share computing resources.
Remote locations mean it is a long way away from a major city,
probably in a rural area.
It grew up rapidly across the Atlantic to Europe in 1973 another
federal agency, the National Science Foundation (NSF) joined
defense department when U.S army stop funding the funding it.
NSF expected supercomputers user for use but ARPANET
couldn’t handled the load in response NSF create a new highcapacity network called NSFnet
The Internet Major Services: The internet acts as a carrier for several different services. The
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most commonly used internet services are defined as
The World Wide Web (WWW)
Electronic mail (E-mail)
News
File Transfer Protocol
Chat
Instant messaging
Peer-to-peer Services
To use these services you need a computer connected to internet.
Can connect to internet through telephone, or by high speed
connection such as DSL.
World Wide Web : Also knows as WWW most people thing web and internet are
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same thing which isn’t correct they are two different things web is
a service (system for accessing) that is supported by the internet (
a gigantic network).
Web was invented in 1989 in Geneva, A Switzerland.
The purpose to create web was to access any document which is
stored on a network without searching all the files and index
manually.
To do this, they established a link document that were stored in
different locations in a single computer.
If you imagine billions of documents stored in different locations
creating a “Web” of information to cover the entire globe. This
concept is where the web gets it’s name.
Concept of Web:-
How The Web Works: Web documents can be linked together because they are created in
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a format called Hypertext, which can easy way to manage the large
collection of data which contains documents, music ,songs, videos
etc.
In hypertext system you can access all the data that might be
linked to it, Hypertext document is also known as web page.
Web uses a special protocol, called hypertext transfer protocol or
HTTP to support hypertext documents.
Hypertext document is a specially encoded file HTML or hypertext
markup language which allows it to embed the hyperlinks or
simply called links.
Hypertext and HTTP are the base of world wide web.
 For example http://www.howstuffworks.com/web-server.htm.
 protocol is ("http")
 server name is ("www.howstuffworks.com")
 file name is ("web-server.htm")
 The browser communicates with server to translate the server
name "www.howstuffworks.com" into an IP Address,
 Following the HTTP protocol, the browser sent a GET request to
the server, asking for the file
"http://www.howstuffworks.com/web-server.htm.
 The server then sent the HTML text for the Web page to the
browser.
How The Web Works Figure :-
Web Browsers & HTML Tags: It is a software application designed to find hypertext documents
on the web and then open those documents on the user’s computer.
 A browser provides a graphical user interference by which we can
jumped to another document by clicking any image and hypertext
document.
URLs: HTTP protocol uses internet address in a special format called
uniform resource locator or URL like type://address/path etc.
 The protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a
colon and two forward slashes.
 In a URL there is type, specifies the type of server in which file is
stored.
 Address, the address of the server
 Path, the location within the file structure of the server, path
includes the list f folders where the desired web page is located.
URL Figure:-
Using The Web Browser: Web enables the user to view specially formatted documents called
web page, which can contain graphics, video, audio, photos etc.
 The collection of related web pages is called a web site to access
web you do need a web browser currently many browsers are
available like Microsoft internet explorer, Firefox, opera chrome
etc.
Navigating The Web: Means to move from one web site to another or from one web
page to other.
 URL is the key for navigation you provide a URL to browser it
finds the page and then transfer it to your pc
Web Browser:-
How To Open The Web Browser:-
Main Functions Of Web Browser:-
Search Engine: It is not always easy to find what you want on web. That is
because there are millions of unique web site which includes
billions of unique pages
 This explains the basics of searching tools, there are two
fundamental web-based searching tools
1. Directories
2. Search Engines
 Directories: It enables you to search for information by selecting categories or
sub-categories after selecting it shows you the result related to
that subject
 Search Engines:-
 It let you search for information by typing one or more words. The
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engine than displays the list of web pages that contain information
related to your work
The type of look-up is called a keyword
The most popular search engine which is used now a day is
GOOGLE
Both type of search tools are commonly called search engines
Other than Google there many other search engines like yahoo,
galaxy, AltaVista, alexa, torrentz etc.
Directories:-
Using Search Engine:-
Basic Functions Of A Search Engine:-
Communicating Through The Internet: World Wide Web belies the internet’s original purpose to serve as a
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means of communication.
One of the most popular way for communication is e-mail or
electronic mail which is now a days more common than a
telephone or any post-mail.
E-mail enables people to exchange messages, services such as chat
and instant messaging.
It allows access to user to send and respond to messages in real
time.
An email message consists of three components, the message
envelope, the message header, and the message body.
Using E-mail: The only internet service which is more frequently used is s e
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mail.
Quickly become a popular feature because it lets user exchange
messages from anywhere in the world.
Also it’s less expensive than using a telephone because there is no
charge for it. It is also a faster way of communication than postal
because e-mail typically reach their destination in seconds rather
than days.
Most common way to create an e-mail is by using a e-mail
program also called e-mail client through internet connection.
Popular e-mail clients are Microsoft outlook express, Netscape,
messenger, and others.
E-mail Address: You can set up an e-mail account by creating a unique user name
for yourself, which identifies your postal mailbox on internet.
 For example if your name is john smith you might create your email address as j_smith or john_smith or other then further we add
the computer host name which is separated by symbol “@” (At)
that is [email protected].
Creating A New E-mail: To create a new message in outlook express follow these steps:-
1. Launch the program by choosing start menu  All programs 
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outlook express.
When the program windows appear, click the create message a
new windows will appear, where you can compose the message.
Click in “To:” box for recipient's e-mail address, you can specify
more than one e-mail address.
Click the “Subject:” box for message’s subject.
Click the in the big text box at the bottom of the window to type
your message.
When the message is ready, click the send button to deliver the
message.
Demonstration For Creating Message (E-mail):-