Transcript Document

Discovering the Internet
Complete Concepts and
Techniques
Chapter 1: Into the Internet
Objectives
1. Define the Internet
2. Describe how the Internet is used
3. Discuss the history of the Internet and the
World Wide Web
4. Describe how individuals and businesses
connect to the Internet
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Defining the Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide network of
computers that allows individual and business
users to share information and other
resources
• The Internet is an interconnected network of
networks where each Internet host has a
number of other computers connected to it
• Users who connect to the Internet to access
information are online
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The Internet is a worldwide network of networks.
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Using the Internet
• The Internet has profoundly changed nearly
every aspect of life by revolutionizing how
individuals and businesses:
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Access information and electronic files
Communication personally and professionally
Shop for products and services
Share resources
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People use the Internet for many different purposes.
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Using the Internet (continued)
• Who uses the Internet?
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Students
Business professionals
Homemakers
Retirees
Hobbyists
Consumers
Health care professionals
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Using the Internet (continued)
• Internet Activities
– Browsing and searching for information on the World
Wide Web
– Communicating with others via e-mail, chat,
newsgroups, and mailing lists
– Downloading and uploading files
– Logging on to remote computers
– Conducting business activities
– Social Networking
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Using the Internet (continued)
• Internet Activities
– World Wide Web (WWW or Web)
• Web pages – created using HTML or Web authoring software
connected by hyperlinks
• Web site – groups of related Web pages
– College, university, corporate, retail, non-profit, personal
• Web server – computer on which Web pages are stored
• Web browser – software used to view Web pages
• Browsing or surfing the Web
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Web sites include college and university,
corporate, retail, non-profit, and personal sites.
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Web pages are connected by text or graphic hyperlinks.
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Using the Internet (continued)
• Internet activities
– Search tools – Webbased resource to help
find specific
information on the
Web
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Using the Internet (continued)
• Internet activities
– E-mail – sending messages and files over a local
computer network or the Internet
– Instant messaging – exchanging brief real-time
messages with others on the Internet
– Chat – real-time online discussions between two
or more individuals
– Mailing lists – online newsletters
– Newsgroups – online bulletin boards
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Using the Internet (continued)
• Internet activities
– Downloading and uploading files – using FTP to
send or retrieve electronic files from a server
• Music, video, data
– Logging on to a remote computer – using Telnet to
log on to a remote computer to use its computing
power
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FTP is used to download and upload files.
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Using the Internet (continued)
• Internet activities
B2C
– Conducting business
activities
• E-commerce
• E-business models
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B2C
B2B
B2E
C2C
B2B
B2E
C2C
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History of the Internet
• Origins in ARPANET
– Department of Defense founded ARPA to promote
computer and scientific research (1958)
– J.C.R. Licklider headed computer and information
research (1962)
– Leonard Kleinrock developed packet switching
(1966)
– ARPANET – prototype network connecting ARPA
and university research centers (1969)
• Growth and Development
– Ray Tomlinson developed e-mail (1971)
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History of the Internet
• Growth and Development
– Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed standard
or protocol for communications over a network
TCP and IP (1972)
• Beyond Research, To the Public
– NSFnet replaced ARPANET (1985)
– Congress authorized commercial activity on the
NSFnet (1992)
– NSFnet moved connections to commercial
network providers (1995)
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The AT&T Backbone.
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History of the Internet
• The Beginnings and
Rise of the Web
– Gopher at University
of Minnesota
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History of the Internet
• The Beginnings and Rise of the Web
– Tim Berners-Lee (1991)
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• First Web browser and Web server
– Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina (1993)
• MOSAIC browser
– Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark (1994)
• Netscape Communications and Netscape Navigator
browser
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Berners-Lee’s original WorldWideWeb browser and HTML documents.
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Connecting to the Internet
• Connection Methods
– Dial-up – home
computers using
standard telephone
lines and modem to
access the Internet
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Connecting to the Internet
• Connection Methods
– Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) – home computers and
businesses using an “always on” high-speed Internet
connection over standard telephone lines
• Broadband transmission splitting telephone wire into data
and voice
• Requires firewall protection to prevent intrusion by outsiders
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Connecting to the Internet
• Connection Methods
– Cable – home computers
and businesses can use
an “always on” highspeed Internet
connection over the same
cable lines as cable
television
• Cable modem and line splitter
to divide television signals
from data signals
• Requires firewall protection to
prevent intrusion by outsiders
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Connecting to the Internet
(continued)
• Connection Methods
– Fixed wireless
connections:
• Satellite – One way or
Two way
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Connecting to the Internet
(continued)
• Connection Methods
– Fixed wireless
connections:
• Microwave – line-ofsight
transmission
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Connecting to the Internet
(continued)
• Connection Methods
– Mobile Wireless –
wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)
technologies for
notebooks that need to
connect to a network
• Wireless access point –
hardware that connects
wireless devices to a
network
• Hotspot – specific
geographic location in
which a wireless access
point provides public
Internet access
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Connecting to the Internet
(continued)
• Connection Methods
– Mobile Wireless
• GSM/GPRS card installed in a computer to allow it to
connect to a wireless network
• Cell phones, PDAs, tablet PCs can connect to the Internet
– High-Speed Business Connections
• Businesses typically use high-speed fiber-optic cable such as
a T1 line connected to their local area network to provide
Internet access to employees
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Connecting to the Internet
(continued)
• Internet Service
Providers (ISPs)
– Considerations for
choosing an ISP
include:
• Speed of connection
• Type of connection and
cost of service
• Availability of customer
service and technical
support
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Chapter Review
• The Internet is a worldwide network of networks
• The Internet allows individuals to communicate,
access information, and purchase products and
services from online stores or other individuals
• Businesses use the Internet and the Web to
conduct a variety of business transactions
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Chapter Review (continued)
• People of all ages and interests use the Internet
for school, work, hobbies, and personal
enrichment
– Browse the Web
– Search the Web for specific information
– Send e-mail or participate in mailing lists,
newsgroups, and online chat
– Upload and download files
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Chapter Review (continued)
• The Internet has its origins in ARPANET, a
research network developed by ARPA under the
auspices of the Department of Defense
• Scientists developed and used packet switching
technologies and the TCP and IP protocols that
allow communications over and between
networks
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Chapter Review (continued)
• Some scientists instrumental in the development
of early network technologies
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J. C. R. Licklider – concept of Internet
Leonard Kleinrock – packet switching
Robert Kahn – TCP and IP protocols
Vinton Cerf – TCP and IP protocols
Ray Tomlinson – e-mail
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Chapter Review (continued)
• The Web is a subset of the Internet consisting of
Web pages containing text and multimedia
content
– Related Web pages are grouped together in a Web
site
– Web pages are stored on a Web server
– Web pages are viewed with a Web browser
– Web pages are linked together via hyperlinks
• Tim Berners-Lee is the “father” of the Web
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Chapter Review (continued)
• The National Science Foundation (NSF)
developed NSFnet to replace ARPANET
• NSF turned research and commercial portions of
NSFnet over to commercial network providers
creating the Internet as we know it today
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Chapter Review (continued)
• Home computers can be connected to the
Internet via
– Dial-up telephone access
– DSL high-speed telephone access
– Cable access
• DSL and cable access are “always on”
connections
– Should be protected by a firewall
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Chapter Review (continued)
• Businesses require high speeds and large
capacity lines such as T1, T3, or other fiber-optic
connections from local area network to their
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• When choosing an ISP, key considerations
include the cost of the equipment and monthly
subscription, as well as the connection speed
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Chapter 1 Complete
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