Transcript Unit 5: Middle Ages - River Mill Academy

UNIT 5: MIDDLE AGES
Day 36:
Byzantine
Empire
“NEW ROME” (IN THE EAST)
 Constantinople (Capital)-Links trade routes
 Emperor Justinian, 527-565
 Wanted to revive ancient Rome
 Hagia Sophia church – “Ancient Wisdom”
 Justinian’s Code: Body of Civil Law
 Collection of Roman laws, writings,
handbooks
 Unifies empire
 Autocrat: sole ruler w/ complete authority
 Wife: Theodora, advisor and politician
SPE (SOCIAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC)
 Peasants = backbone of economy (land, taxes, soldiers)
 Trade, gold coin, strong economy
 One of strongest military forces in the world
 Invasion
 Persians, Slavs, Vikings, Huns (600s, 700s)
 Defeated by Turks (Ottomans) in 1453
BYZANTINE CHRISTIANIT Y
 East: Byz Emperor appoints
Patriarch over church
 Reject Pope
 Clergy can marry
 Speak Greek, not Latin
 Holy Day: Easter, lest emphasis on
Christmas
 Mosaics of Bible scenes
 Churches blend Greek, Roman,
Persian etc.
GREAT SCHISM
 Dispute over Icons (holy
images)
 700’s, icons outlawed in
Byzantine Empire
 Western Christians & Pope
angry
 Later Byz empress restores
icons, resentment towards
Pope
 1054 leads to Great Schism
 East and West Christianity
split
 Eastern/Greek Orthodox
vs. Roman Catholic Church
EMPIRE IN DECLINE
 Crusades: 1090s Byzantine
emperor asks West for help to
fight Seljuks (Turks) blocking
pilgrimage/trade to Jerusalem
 Result: 1 st Crusade
 4 th Crusade: 1204, Venice
merchants send knights to attack
Constantinople (trade rivalry)
 Crusaders burned/plundered
city, sent treasure West
 Empire never recovers
FALL OF THE BYZANTINES
 1453: Ottoman Turks (Sunni Muslims) surround capital
 Use cannons to attack walls, 2 month siege
 Turks led by Mehmet II, renamed city Istanbul
 Hagia Sophia turned into a Mosque
RISE OF RUSSIA
 3 regions, different climates; steppe:
treeless grassland
 Kiev: center of 1 st Russian state (now
Cap of Ukraine)Ruled by Slavs
 Vikings (Varangians) migrate to
Russia
 862, Rurik (leader), Rus (tribe)
 Expand rule to Kiev, Princes rule after
death
 Greek alphabet adapted to Cyrillic
CHRISTIANIT Y IN RUSSIA
 957 Princess Olga of Kiev converts to Byzantine
Christianity
 Son Vladamir makes Orthodox Christ. State religion
 Yaroslav the Wise united Church and State
MONGOLS!
 1236-1241 Batu (grandson of GK)
 Leads Golden Horde into Russia
 Loot/burn Kiev and nearby towns
 Golden Horde rules for 150 years
 Required tribute, let Princes rule alone
 Mongols converted to Islam
 Tolerate Russian Orthodox Church
 Cut Russia off from contacts with
Western Europe
 Missed out on rapid advances in
arts/sciences
IVANS
 Ivan the Great: 1462-1505
 Unites Northern Russia
 Limited power of boyars (Russian
aristocrats/landowners)
 Referred to himself as tsar
 Ivan the Terrible: 1547
 Grandson, 1 Russian ruler crowned as “tsar”
 Centralized royal power
 New laws tie serfs to land
 1560 becomes unstable, fits of rage
 Organized oprischniki (agents of terror, he
controls)
 Dress in black robes, ride horses, slaughter
rebels