Transcript Crusades
Crusades What is a Crusade? • Holy war against an infidel or unbeliever In medieval Europe, this meant anyone who did not follow the Roman Catholic religion How The Crusades Began… • Seljuk Turks (Muslims) took over Jerusalem • Threatened Byzantium • The Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I wrote a letter to Pope Urban II asking for help Remember we discussed this during our Islam unit?? Byzantium = Nervous • Turks took over Abbasid land and the Anatolian peninsula • VERY close to Constantinople… the Byzantine Emperor asked for HELP! Pope Urban II • Saw this as an opportunity to strengthen the church and raise an army • Could free Jerusalem and the “holy land” • In 1095 the Pope called on people to fight for “their God” and he promised the remission of sins Pope Urban II & Peasants • Called on the people of Europe to fight in 1095 • Thousands responded • Peasants are unprepared (skills & supplies) • Most die Why Join a Crusade? • Knights motivated by: – Religion (and sins) – Adventure – Fighting – Opportunity to gain land, riches & maybe even a title Crusade Video http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1kntw5_crusades-1-pilgrims-in-arms_shortfilms 1st Crusade • First Crusade – Many knights (especially from France) – Several thousand cavalry & 10,000 infantry – Reached Jerusalem in June, 1099 – Won After the Crusaders won… • They divided up the land into states • Called the land the “Kingdom Beyond the Sea” • Many crusaders returned home (to England, France, etc.)… • Muslims win back one of the states by 1144: Edessa nd 2 Crusade • Crusaders try to win back Edessa • Fail rd 3 Crusade (King’s Crusade) • Jerusalem recaptured by Muslims by 1187 – Muslims led by Saladin • Third Crusade (sometimes called the Kings Crusade) led by many great European leaders • King Richard vs. Saladin… ends in a truce – Muslims control Jerusalem but Christians are free to worship in the city th 4 Crusade • Many years later… Saladin dies • Pope Innocent III decides to start a 4th crusade to win back Jerusalem • Crusaders meet in Venice, Italy- they realize they need money and weapons – Venice’s leader, Dodge Dandello • Invade Constantinople (Byzantium) 4th Crusade • Not a single Muslim killed • The Crusaders never made it to Jerusalem • The Crusades began because of the emperor of Byzantium- in the end they invade Byzantium! Crusade Video http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1kq8wt_crusades-4-destruction_shortfilms Other Crusading Efforts: • Spanish Reconquista / Inquisition • Children’s Crusade Effects of the Crusades: • • • • Power of religion Status of women Trade Religious tensions among Christians, Jewish, Muslims