Transcript File - Mrs. Reif`s History Classes

The Church Wields Power
Explain the structure of the Church
POPE
BISHOPS
PRIESTS
How did the Church
control most aspects of life?
The church had not only religious power but also
political, social, & economic power.

POLITICAL POWER
Excommunication: no sacrament, no burial in
sacred grounds, shunned by Christians

Interdict: excludes entire towns, kingdoms



SOCIAL POWER
Sacrament: important religious ceremony
Canon Law: law of the church
Local priest are part of daily life
 Baptism
 Marriage
 Helping
the poor

Church is social center

ECONOMIC POWER
Tithe: 10% income tax paid to church
What affect did
Otto I have on Europe?

Tried to be like
Charlemagne
 Alliance
w/ church
 Limited power of nobles
 Invaded Italy on Pope’s
behalf
 Crowned
962

emperor by Pope in
Created Holy Roman
Empire
The Roman Catholic Church’s
Political Struggle
Pope
Spiritual & Secular
Vs.
Gov’t
Secular, “Divine Right”
Church believes it has the power to Crown &
“un-crown”. Popes are Superior!
(Remember Charlemagne?)
What was the Investiture Struggle?

Investiture-ceremony where high
church officials were appointed
by kings
 Ability

to appoint bishops=POWER
King wants more power to
appoint Bishops & run kingdoms
 Pope
says No!
 Kings like Henry IV say Yes!!!!

What happens?
Henry the IV vs. Pope Gregory
1
2
I appoint
Bishops
No, I
do!
Henry is Excommunicated,
And then Interdicted
3
Angry people &
Princes Revolt
4 So Henry has to…
Kiss,
kiss
5
What’s
Henry
thinking?
Beg for Forgiveness
Church says OK!
Henry & the Pope
Are Friends…
Sort of……
So, Henry goes home and crushes the revolting
people and pro-church Princes. Then….
6
What does Henry do next?
Goes back to Rome and…
7
This leads to the CONCORDAT OF WORMS
8
Who Wins ?
Pope,
you’re
Exiled!
What was the Concordat of Worms?

Compromise btw Church & Kings
 Church
gets to choose & appoint
bishops but king could veto the choice
What were some of the problems in
the Church during the Age of Faith?






Some priests were nearly illiterate
Church officials had become immoral
Clergy cared more about feudal role than
religious role
Some village priests married & had families
Simony-Bishops sold church positions
Practice of lay investiture
WHAT WERE THE TWO TYPES OF
CATHEDRALS?
Romanesque Cathedrals
Built between 800 and 1100
 Thick walls
 Round arches
 Few windows

Gothic Cathedrals




Ornate, tall windows
Ribbed vaults & flying
buttresses helped to
support weight
Stained glass windows
Pointed arches
Which one of these is Gothic?
Which one is Romanesque??
How did the Crusades begin?


Byzantine emperor asked
for help against the
Muslim Turks
Pope heard of this &
called for a “holy war” or
Crusade to take back the
Holy Land
What were the goals of the Crusades?

Pope wanted to:
 Reclaim
Palestine
 Reunite Christendom
Get rid of troublesome
knights
 Chance for riches and
adventure
 Gain control of trade routes
from Muslims

Explain the events and outcomes of the
First & Second Crusades.
Pope promised that those who died on
Crusades would make it to heaven
 Not prepared; no plan to retake
Jerusalem

 Attacked

for > a month
July 15, 1099-Crusaders captured
Jerusalem
 Won
small strip of land
Explain the events & outcome
of the Third Crusade.
1187-Jerusalem falls to Saladin
 Crusade led by

 Richard
the Lion-Hearted of England
 Phillip II of France (Argued with Richard and
left)
 Frederick I of Germany (Drowned on the way)

1192-Saladin and Richard sign a truce
 Jerusalem
remained under Muslim control
 Christians could visit the holy places
Explain the events & outcomes
of the last Crusades.

1204-4th Crusade
 Knights
never reached holy lands
 Looted Constantinople instead

1200s-5th-8th Crusades
 All

unsuccessful
9th & 10th Crusades
 Marched
to Egypt rather than holy land
Map of the Crusaders Routes
What were the Spanish Crusades?



Moors (Muslims) controlled most of Spain until
the 1100s
Reconquista-attempts by the Spanish to drive
the Muslims out of Spain
1400s-Muslims only control Grenada
 1492-Ferdinand
 Used
& Isabella take Grenada
Inquisition-Church court used to suppress heresy
 Heresy-religious beliefs that differed from
Church teachings
 Focused on Muslims & Jews
Effects of the Crusades







Example of Church power
Women gained some power by running estates
while husbands were away
Trade expanded btw Europe & SW Asia
Failure led to a decline in the power of the
Pope & feudal lords
Increased power of kings
Knights lost $ & many lost their lives
Relationship btw Christians and Muslims, and
Jews worsened