Transcript Mayan Civilization

Section 1
First Migration to America
Beringia
• Hunters-gatherers moved after food
across the landmass called Beringia
• As they moved they changed their tools
and social organization
• They also changed the food they
consumed as the environment changed
Make a list of things that make
up your culture
• List them in your notebook
New civilizations developed
further south
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Olmec Society
Aztec society in Mexico
The Inca Society in South America
Mayans replaced the Aztecs in Mexico
Mayan Civilization
• The following slides show how
sophisticated the societies were
• Creating temples and pyramids to study
astrology
Mayans
Mayans
Aztecs in the capital of
Tenochtitlan
Aztecs in colorful dress
Aztecs Society
• Had calendar system and crop rotating
system.
• Pochteca or special merchants that did all
the long distance trade.
• Clans existed in Aztec society but were
later changed because Nobility class
emerged.
• Rank in military achieved through
capturing enemy soldiers for sacrifice.
Anasazi
• Present day
Colorado, New
Mexico, and Arizona
• Built their homes in
the sides of cliffs
Mound Builders
(Great Serpent Mound)
• Built mounds to
honor the dead
and honor those
in powerful
positions
Section 2
North American Native Americans
Pacific Coast Totems
Inuit Igloos
Kiva
Great Plains
Wigwam
Iroquois Longhouses
Natchez
Section 3
• Leif Eriksson was the first European sailor
to reach North America
• As a result of Indian wars, he returned to
Scandanavia and 400 years go by before
Columbus returns to make his glorious
discovery for Spain
Middle Ages
• Middle Ages (also known as the Dark
Ages)
• A period of struggle for Europe from 500
A.D. to 1500
• Feudalism emerged as the way of life
during this time
• A few lords rose to power and during this
time vassals worked as soldiers and
laborers for the lords to receive land
• Copy the
organization
of the feudal
system
• Once you
were born into
the category
of peasant or
serf you were
there for life
The Catholic Church
• During the
Middle Ages
money and
power was
located in the
Catholic
Church
• Churches paid for art projects and the
amazing architecture of the day
• Monks lived in monasteries where they
spent their days in pray and studies
• Nuns did much the same in convents
Nations on the rise
• Many of the nobles lost their power in the
late Middle Ages to Kings
• England and France were of the first
Nations to be formed
• William of Normandy (which is in France)
took over Englandin 1066
King John
• During the Crusades (if you don’t remember
them we will get there soon), King John had
taxed his people to death and many were dying
in the fight
• The nobles of the time decided they would not
continue to obey the command of King John
without some say in the government
• King John signed the Magna Carta which gave
some voting power to the nobles only in England
• Read the Magna Carta handout and answer
questions
Crusades and Travel
• Traveling back and forth to Jerusalem allowed
the European population to become addicted to
goods of the Far East
• Trade picked up between the foreign nations
and as it did cultures were exchanged
• The more people learned of other cultures the
more they questioned their own
• This brought about the RENAISSANCE
Section 4
Trade Across Continents
Spread of Islam
Muhammad
Muhammad was born about 570 c.e. into the leading tribe
of Mecca..
Muhammad was an orphan and was raised by his uncle.
He was a hard-working boy, honest and dependable who
began his life as a shepherd and later went into the trading
business.
He was a caravan manager for a wealthy widow, Khadija,
whom he eventually married.
Muhammad was 25 and Khadija was about 40!
They had at least 6 children and a long and happy
marriage.
Muhammad as a prophet
Citizens of Mecca were hostile to the message.
Most of Arabia were converted to Islam by the
time of Muhammad’s death in 632.
The religion grew as Muslims traded throughout Europe
and Africa
The religion spread quickly and when it moved into Europe
and into the area of land the Christians considered Holy, the
Pope felt compelled to stop the spread of Islam
Arab Conquests
Holy Land
The 1st Crusade
• Pope Urban II called upon all Christians to join
a war against the Turks
- a war which would count as full penance.
• Crusader armies marched to Jerusalem,
sacking several cities on their way.
– Nicaea in May 1097
• In 1099, they took Jerusalem and massacred
the population.
• As a result of the First Crusade, several small
Crusader states were created, notably the
Kingdom of Jerusalem.
The
st
1
Crusade
• Byzantine emperor Alexius I called for help with
defending his empire against the Seljuk Turks,
in 1095
• Pope Urban II called upon all Christians to join
a war against the Turks
- a war which would count as full penance.
• Crusader armies marched to Jerusalem,
sacking several cities on their way.
– Nicaea in May 1097
• In 1099, they took Jerusalem and massacred
the population.
• As a result of the First Crusade, several small
Crusader states were created, notably the
Kingdom of Jerusalem.
The 1st Crusade
The Crusades
•
The third Crusade was a
disaster 1189-1192
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•
Crusaders for the next
century united Europe
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–
•
Richard the Lionhearted
France and England
became powers
Spain and Portugal rose
7 Crusades in all
Ghengis Khan
• Grandfather of Kublai Kahn
Ghengis Khan
• First to unify the divided
Mongol tribes
• Built a small, very
structured army that was able
to defeat huge armies (Hooker)
• Army was known for great
horsemen
• Elected “Great Khan” in
1206
(“Ghengis”)
Kublai Khan Takes Over—The Beginning of a
Dynasty
• In 1260, Kublai Khan
became the “Great Khan.”
Map of China
• In 1264 he moved the
capital from Mongolia to
Cambuluc, present day
Beijing (Hooker).
(“China”)
(Dowling)
Yuan Dynasty
• In 1271 Kublai Khan
named his dynasty the
Yuan Dynasty.
• A few years after he
named the dynasty, he
captured all of China.
• He gradually adopted
Chinese political ideas
and built a strong central
government.
•He eventually became an
absolute ruler (Hooker).
(“Arts”)
• Kublai Khan created a summer
capital in Shangdu, commonly
referred to as Xanadu.
Marco Polo
• He built a magnificent summer
home for himself there called
Xanadu (Hooker).
• In 1275, Marco Polo visited
this palace and created many
reports about it.
• These reports made Europeans
more interested in the east.
(Dowling)
Ming dynasty
• Ming dynasty overthrew the Mongol
Empire
• Zheng He was an explorer for the Ming
dynasty
• China stopped the sea exploration to stop
western influence and deal with internal
affair
Menzies Views
• Zheng He’s voyages of exploration began in
1405 and culminated in early 1421
• As Yongle emperor’s favorite eunuch,
Zheng He was ordered to take Ming’s huge
armadas to the unknown world beyond
China
• On the sixth voyage (1421-22), Zheng He’s
ships reached Antarctica, the Arctic, North
and South America, Pacific, Australia
Read the handout on Zheng He
African Trading Kingdoms
• East African Kingdoms gained wealth
through trade
• City-states shared a common religion,
Islam, and a common language, Swahili
• West African Kingdoms were tied to the
East through trade and religion