Transcript Crusades Notes

Bell Work (8/28)
• List any examples of fighting over religion
that you can think of.
• WHY would people fight over religion?
Daily Objective
• Today you will summarize the causes and
analyze the effects of the crusades and how
they led into other parts of history.
The Power
of the
Church
and its
Reform
What are some things you
learned about the church
yesterday?
Christianity – Why Popular?
•Embraced all people – men, women, poor, nobles
– bonded people together
•Gave hope to powerless, promised eternal life
after death for all
•Provided stability among warfare and turmoil
•Middle Ages becomes known as the Age of
Faith
Kings but no real leaders – CHURCH
emerged as a powerful institution, much
involvement in political affairs
Middle Ages – time of power struggles between
popes and kings
To win in disagreements, Pope threatened
excommunication – no salvation
Smart kings ally with Pope
Goals of the Church
Goals:
• spread Christianity
• convert Barbarians to
Christianity
• unify Europe under the
power of the Church
•
Governmental Duties of the
Church
collect taxes
--tithe- 10% tax
• run courts
-- inquisition
• punish criminals
• make laws
• The Church is the ultimate
authority
Other Duties of the Church
• Education
-- monasteries were Centers of learning
-- teach reading and writing
• Latin (not their vernacular language)
• Vernacular: Your native language
– Ex. English people speak English, French speak French
• Establish schools throughout Europe
• Hospital
-- care for the sick and needy
• Inn
-- guest houses for travelers
Decline in the Medieval Church
• loyalty became divided between spiritual and economic duties
• bishops and monks took on roles of the Lord/Vassal
• fiefs were awarded to wealthy church members
• spiritual discipline and leadership declined
-- too secular – separate from the Church
• too much corruption and oppression
Crusades
Crusades: a series of
Holy wars in which the
Christians of Western
Europe attempted to
regain control of the
Holy
Land (Jerusalem) from
the Muslims
Goals of the Crusades
• Christians want to regain Palestine (the
Holy Land)
• Reunite Christendom
• Send quarrelsome knights off to war
Why Fight?
•Land ( for younger sons)
•Power
•Forgiveness of sins
•Adventure
•Expand markets
•Temporary release from peasantry
1st Crusade
•3 armies traveled separately from W. Europe
•Attempting to capture Jerusalem from the Muslims
•Ill-prepared for war, no strategy for capturing Jerusalem
•Met in Constantinople in 1097 – made way to Jerusalem
•1099 – reached city and Jerusalem fell to Crusaders
after 2 months
•Only Crusade that Christians won
2nd Crusade
•1147-1149
•Muslims reconquered lands in Palestine (now Israel) again
but not Jerusalem
•Second Crusade to recapture fallen cities
•Christians unsuccessful due to fighting leaders
Crusades (continued)
Third Crusade
• Crusade of the Kings
• water route
• led by French, English, and German Kings
Phillip II (French)
- argued with Richard and went home
Frederick I (German)
- drowned on the journey
Richard the Lion Hearted (English)
- lead the crusade
Crusades (continued)
• failed to recapture Holy Land
• forced to sign a truce with Saladin
(Muslim King of the Saracens)
• Saladin promised that unarmed Christian
pilgrims could freely visit the city’s holy
places
Effects of Crusades
1. opened up Europe to the rest of the world –
contact with more advanced civilizations had impact on
European civilization
cities grew through increased trade
2.
3. introduction of new products like silks, spices,
pearls, food, and clothing materials.
4. classical literature was rediscovered
5. decline of Feudalism – Lords lost money,
incurred debt, and were killed in battle
6. left the common man with a broader knowledge
of the world
7. Decline of the church-people want to see
change and REFORM
Effects of Crusades
• Life begins to change after the crusades
end
• the biggest change in Medieval Society,
after the Crusades, was the increased
availability of trade goods and new ways
of doing business
commercial revolution: the expansion of
trade and business
Daily Objective
• Today you will summarize the causes and
analyze the effects of the crusades and how
they led into other parts of history.